George W. Crandell Essay Example

George W. Crandell Essay George W. Crandell in his paper entitled reverberation spring: Reflecting the look of Narcissus in Tennessee Williams Cat on a hot tin rooftop asserts that Bricks issue is mental, though Charles E. May in his exposition entitled Brick Pollit as Homo Ludens: Three players of a summers game and Cat on a sweltering tin rooftop confirms that his concern isn't mental however supernatural. After cautious thought of these two perspectives (A04) consider what you accept to be Bricks basic issue and examine whether Tennessee Williams permits him to determine it. In your answer consider the techniques Williams uses to introduce Bricks difficulty (A03) and look at the contemporary impacts working upon him (A05i). George W Crandells makes reference to the possibility that T.W attracts upon fanciful analogs to feature his characters .He proceeds to contrast Bricks issue with be like that of legendary character Narcissus, who was so gorgeous that he became hopelessly enamored with his own appearance and whos name presently means a mental issue and accepts that his concern is mental and can be relieved. This would have been especially engaging Tennessee Williams as his plays have regularly been recognized for their mental authenticity. The similitudes among Brick and Narcissus are recommended primarily by Bricks most loved mixed refreshment (Echo spring) and by Bricks predictable pointless conduct. Likewise simply like Narcissus Brick is viewed as an attractive and delightful person who catches the hearts of young men and young ladies the same. However Brick rejects the affection for others just to begin to look all starry eyed at his preferred savor, seeing this a getaway course into the manner in which he used to be. What's more, Brick like Narcissus pines from lonely love, appearing favor passing than to live without the object of his love. And keeping in mind that at long last passing cases Narcissus, Ovid offers us the hypothesis that Narcissus has been significantly changed into an excellent bloom. Furthermore, toward the finish of scene three in the Broadway rendition Williams shows the chance of Brick likewise having experienced an inexplicable transformation giving the closure significantly more good faith for what's to come. We will compose a custom exposition test on George W. Crandell explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on George W. Crandell explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on George W. Crandell explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Block: I respect you Maggie Instead of in the first form where there is an increasingly cynical consummation where the greater part of the issue stays uncertain, and leaving the crowd with significantly more to consider. Maggie: I do adore you Brick, I do Block: Wouldnt it be entertaining if that was valid? Just as looking somewhat like Narcissus he likewise shows a disturbing number of qualities connecting to the mental character issue known as Narcissism. Crandell proceeds to express that the way to understanding Bricks issue and conduct one should initially comprehend Bricks condition not as a physical or existential condition however a reasonable and in this way treatable turmoil. What's more, when this is comprehended we can perceive Brick as the focal character whom all the principle show spins around. In this stage bearing we see Bricks significance as a detached individual as well as comparable to other people, every one of whom persevere through a typical emergency The flying creature that I would like to get in the net of this play isn't the arrangement of one keeps an eye on mental issue. Im attempting to get the genuine nature of involvement with a gathering of individuals, that shady gleaming, transitory wildly charged!- interaction of live people in the storm cloud of a typical emergency. This normal emergency and is more prominent than one keeps an eye on mental issue encompasses most of the Pollit family in which Brick orders the focal point of consideration. This (Bricks Narcissism) for Williams is a microcosm of American culture in this post war period and of how it will become should society keep on being governed the manner in which it is without anyone else intrigued people, for example, Brick. Crandell then clarifies what Williams does here is attempt to practically contrast Bricks Narcissistic character with that of a developing society. Who a lion's share of the time have no respect for the past, future or the sentiments of other .This must be simply the activities of an individual purpose upon implosion. Furthermore, this is as yet suggestive of society today and has been for a huge number of years. A few people feel that society no longer does anything for the benefit of everyone any more .But now just to things to increase vanity and significance. This as referenced has been the defeat of society for a great many years for instance the Greek and Roman realms who after vanquishing the majority of the realized world started to break down in the wake of turning out to be predominantly a delight looking for society loaded with deception and defilement, in this way making sure about its own annihilation. Also, Thus giving us an ideal model for the eventual fate of American culture. He proceeds to state that Bricks narcissism in the play goes about as an allegory in a progression of manifestations obvious in the public arena which regularly undermines the wellbeing and prosperity of the American individuals. For instance Bricks liquor abuse a basic indication of his issue which Maggie appears to perceive as infers that he needs treatment and takes steps to send him to rainbow slope a recovery facility a spot popular for rewarding heavy drinkers a nitwit beasts. Be that as it may, Brick fights that treatment is the exact opposite thing he needs and says that liquor is the main treatment he needs and gives us the feeling that it invigorates him the to proceed with his reality in a general public with such exclusive requirements and to manage the mistake of his regular daily existence. On he proceeds to portray to Maggie the snap that he encounters when he feels most content with himself .

A Beginners Guide to the Renaissance

A Beginners Guide to the Renaissance The Renaissance was a social and academic development which focused on the rediscovery and utilization of writings and thought from traditional vestige, happening in Europe c. 1400 †c. 1600. The Renaissance can likewise allude to the time of European history spreading over generally similar dates. Its inexorably critical to push that the Renaissance had a long history of improvements that incorporated the twelfth-century renaissance and the sky is the limit from there. What Was the Renaissance? There remains banter about what precisely comprised the Renaissance. Basically, it was a social and scholarly development, personally attached to society and legislative issues, of the late fourteenth to mid seventeenth hundreds of years, despite the fact that it is ordinarily confined to simply the fifteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years. It is considered to have started in Italy. Generally individuals have asserted it was animated, to some degree, by Petrarch, who had an enthusiasm for rediscovering lost original copies and a wild faith in the edifying intensity of old idea and to some extent by conditions in Florence. At its center, the Renaissance was a development committed to the rediscovery and utilization of old style realizing, in other words, information and mentalities from the Ancient Greek and Roman times. Renaissance truly implies ‘rebirth’, and Renaissance masterminds accepted the period among themselves and the fall of Rome, which they marked the Middle Ages, had seen a decrease in social accomplishment contrasted and the prior times. Members expected, through the investigation of old style writings, literary analysis, and old style strategies, to both reintroduce the statures of those old days and improve the circumstance of their counterparts. A portion of these traditional writings endure just among Islamic researchers and were taken back to Europe as of now. The Renaissance Period â€Å"Renaissance† can likewise allude to the period, c. 1400 †c. 1600. â€Å"High Renaissance† by and large alludes to c. 1480 †c. 1520. The time was dynamic, with European adventurers â€Å"finding† new landmasses, the change of exchanging techniques and examples, the decrease of feudalism (to the extent that it at any point existed), logical advancements, for example, the Copernican arrangement of the universe and the ascent of black powder. A large number of these progressions were activated, to a limited extent, by the Renaissance, for example, traditional arithmetic invigorating new money related exchanging instruments, or new methods from the east boosting sea route. The print machine was likewise evolved, permitting Renaissance writings to be scattered generally (in established truth this print was an empowering factor as opposed to an outcome). Why Was This Renaissance Different? Traditional culture had never completely disappeared from Europe, and it encountered inconsistent resurrections. There was the Carolingian Renaissance in the eighth to ninth hundreds of years and a significant one in the â€Å"Twelfth Century Renaissance†, which saw Greek science and reasoning came back to European cognizance and the advancement of another perspective which blended science and rationale called Scholasticism. What was diverse in the fifteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years was that this specific resurrection combined both the components of academic request and social undertaking with social and political inspirations to make an a lot more extensive development, though one with a long history. The Society and Politics Behind the Renaissance Over the fourteenth century, and maybe previously, the old social and political structures of the medieval period separated, permitting new ideas to rise. Another tip top developed, with new models of thought and thoughts to legitimize themselves; what they found in old style vestige was something to utilize both as a prop and a device for their glorification. Leaving elites coordinated them to keep pace, as did the Catholic Church. Italy, from which the Renaissance developed, was a progression of city-expresses, each rivaling the others for community pride, exchange, and riches. They were to a great extent self-sufficient, with a high extent of dealers and craftsmans because of the Mediterranean exchange courses. At the exceptionally top of Italian culture, the leaders of the key courts in Italy were all â€Å"new men†, as of late affirmed in their places of influence and with recently picked up riches, and they were quick to show both. There was additionally riches and the craving to show it beneath them. The Black Death had murdered millions in Europe and left the survivors with relatively more prominent riches, regardless of whether through less individuals acquiring more or just from the expanded wages they could request. Italian culture and the consequences of the Black Death took into account a lot more noteworthy social portability, a consistent progression of individuals quick to exhibit their riches. Showing riches and utilizing society to fortify your social and political was a significant part of life in that period, and when masterful and insightful developments turned around to the traditional world toward the beginning of the fifteenth century there were a lot of benefact ors prepared to help them in these undertakings to make political focuses. The significance of devotion, as exhibited through charging works of tribute, was likewise solid, and Christianity demonstrated a substantial impact for masterminds attempting to square Christian idea with that of â€Å"pagan† old style essayists. The Spread of the Renaissance From its starting points in Italy, the Renaissance spread across Europe, the thoughts changing and developing to coordinate neighborhood conditions, some of the time connecting into existing social blasts, albeit as yet keeping a similar center. Exchange, marriage, representatives, researchers, the utilization of offering specialists to produce joins, even military attacks, all helped the flow. Students of history presently will in general separate the Renaissance into littler, geographic, gatherings, for example, the Italian Renaissance, The English Renaissance, the Northern Renaissance (a composite of a few nations) and so forth. There are additionally works which talk about the Renaissance as a marvel with worldwide reach, impacting †and being affected by †the east, Americas, and Africa. The End of the Renaissance A few students of history contend that the Renaissance finished during the 1520s, some the 1620s. The Renaissance didn’t simply stop, yet its center thoughts step by step changed over into different structures, and new standards emerged, especially during the logical unrest of the seventeenth century. It is difficult to contend we are still in the Renaissance (as you can do with the Enlightenment), as culture and learning move an alternate way, yet you need to draw the lines from here back to at that point (and, obviously, back to before at that point). You could contend that new and various sorts of Renaissance followed (should you need to compose an article). The Interpretation of the Renaissance The term ‘renaissance’ really dates from the nineteenth century and has been intensely discussed from that point forward, with certain antiquarians addressing whether it’s even a helpful word any longer. Early students of history depicted a reasonable scholarly break with the medieval time, yet in late decades grant has diverted to perceive developing coherence from the hundreds of years prior, proposing that the progressions Europe experienced were more an advancement than an upset. The period was additionally a long way from a brilliant age for everybody; toward the beginning, it was a lot of a minority development of humanists, elites, and specialists, in spite of the fact that it spread more extensive with printing. Ladies, specifically, saw a stamped decrease in their instructive open doors during the Renaissance. Its not, at this point conceivable to discuss an unexpected, all changing brilliant age (or not, at this point conceivable and be viewed as precise ), but instead a stage that wasnt completely a push ahead, or that risky chronicled issue, progress. Renaissance Art There were Renaissance developments in engineering, writing, verse, dramatization, music, metals, materials and furniture, however the Renaissance is maybe most popular for its craft. Imaginative undertaking became seen as a type of information and accomplishment, not just a method of adornment. Craftsmanship was presently to be founded on perception of this present reality, applying science and optics to accomplish further developed impacts like point of view. Artworks, mold and other works of art thrived as new abilities took up the production of gems, and getting a charge out of workmanship became seen as the characteristic of a refined person. Renaissance Humanism Maybe the most punctual articulation of the Renaissance was in humanism, a scholarly methodology which created among those being shown another type of educational program: the studia humanitatis, which tested the already predominant Scholastic reasoning. Humanists were worried about the highlights of human instinct and endeavors by man to ace nature as opposed to create strict devotion. Humanist masterminds certainly and expressly tested the old Christian outlook, permitting and propelling the new scholarly model behind the Renaissance. In any case, strains among humanism and the Catholic Church created over the period, and humanist adapting mostly caused the Reformation. Humanism was additionally profoundly realistic, giving those included the instructive reason for work in the blossoming European organizations. Note that the term ‘humanist’ was a later name, much the same as â€Å"renaissance†. Governmental issues and Liberty The Renaissance used to be viewed as pushing forward another craving for freedom and republicanism - rediscovered in works about the Roman Republic-despite the fact that a considerable lot of the Italian city-states were taken over by singular rulers. This view has gone under examination by history specialists and halfway dismissed, yet it caused some Renaissance scholars to disturb for more prominent strict and political opportunities over later years. All the more broadly acknowledged is the arrival to considering the express a body with necessities and re

5 Books to Help You Understand Higher Education

5 Books to Help You Understand Higher Education Ive been involved in higher education, as a student, a worker, or both, for 15 years. But even so, I frequently find the U.S. system of post-secondary education baffling. The enormous range of institutions  and the huge diversity of student experiences within them is part of the issue. As is the way that economic and social shifts cause dramatic, unpredictable change within the U.S. educational system. But despite its complexity, understanding higher education is absolutely crucial for making sense of many political, social, and economic trends in the country and around the world.  Higher ed is constantly in the news, whether its because of the latest free speech firestorm, a new tuition-free-college plan, a race-based-admissions lawsuit, or the terrifying fact that Americans owe more than $1.5 trillion in student loan debt. As we head into a new presidential primary (god help us), and as were always at some point in the endless applying-and-choosing-a-college cycle, it pays to get to the bottom of whats going on. And you really cant really understand trigger warnings, affirmative action, or student debt without first making sense of how race, gender, disability, and class shape higher education and the way students moveâ€"or dontâ€"through it. So whether youre considering college or grad school, parenting or mentoring someone who is, or just want a clearer understanding of one of the things politicians fight about, check out this short reading list of books about higher education. Start with these, and youll be on your way to understanding how intersections of race, class, gender, and disability shape both student experience and the larger political stakes of college in America. Sexism Ed: Essays on Gender and Labor in Academia  by Kelly J. Baker Kelly J. Baker has done it again. Bakers  Grace Period  was one of my favorite books of 2017, and with  Sexism Ed  she has written another crucial entry in the ongoing conversation about higher education in the twenty-first century. Combining essays about gender and labor in academia into one volume isnt just a clever way to bring two much-fretted-about topics under one roof. Its also a brilliant way to push readers to reckon with the ways sexism and exploitation reinforce and amplify one another in academia. And Bakers insistence on threading her own story throughout makes that reckoning all the more urgent and important. Ranging from concrete criticism (e.g., on the scourge of the all-male panel) and abstract reflection (e.g., on the power and possibility of hope),  Sexism Ed  is both meditation on and battle plan for the future of academia. Extra Credit:  Gabriella Gutiérrez y Muhs,  Yolanda Flores Niemann,  Carmen G. González and  Angela P. Harriss Presumed Incompetent: The Intersections of Race and Class for Women in Academia Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy  by  Tressie McMillan Cottom Did you know that the president of the United States of America owned an exploitative for-profit university? Have you seen those heartstring-pulling University of Phoenix ads (featuring Maya Angelou?!) on television? Whats the deal with all of that? For-profit higher education is probably the fastest-growing and least-understood segments of higher education today, and Cottom is working hard to change that. With an iconic Twitter presence, spots on The Daily Show, and this already-classic book, Cottom has become the foremost expert in how for-profit colleges expand, why people attend them, and what they cost their students and the country. Extra Credit:  Sara  Goldrick-Rabs Paying the Price:  College Costs, Financial Aid, and the Betrayal of the American Dream. Trans* in College: Transgender Students Strategies for Navigating Campus Life and the Institutional Politics of Inclusion  by  Z. Nicolazzo In the ginned-up backlash to efforts at making college campuses more inclusive, transgender and nonbinary students (especially trans and enby students of color) often pay a heavy price. But trans students are also resilient, shaping their own lives and their campuses in positive and transformative ways. Resilience within oppressive institutions is the focus of  Trans* in College. Like most of the books on this list (for good reason!), this one is inextricably personal and political. Grounded in extensive research in the field and her own experience of being trans in higher ed, Nicolazzo makes a crucial contribution to the project of understanding how universities work to exclude and include. If this book inspires you to learn more, check out Nicolazzos Trans Studies in Higher Education syllabus for more reading suggestions. Extra Credit: Genny Beemyn’s Trans People in Higher Education (February 1, SUNY Press) Life of the Mind Interrupted: Essays on Mental Health and Disability in Higher Education  by  Kelly Rose Guest Pryal Pryals book is published in the same Raven Books series as  Sexism Ed, and it shows.  Life of the Mind Interrupted is personal, political, polemical, and pointed in its vision for transforming higher education to be more inclusive of disabled and mentally ill people. Pryal has a PhD and worked as a college teacher, so her insights derive from experience on both sides of the desk. She addresses a wide range of topics that touch on structural barriers (trigger warnings, disclosure and accommodations) and personal experiences (employment, suicide). If you want to understand how higher education is built, and not built, for people with disabilitiesâ€"especially mental healthâ€"related onesâ€"Pryals book is for you. Extra Credit:  Margaret Prices Mad at School: Rhetorics of Mental Disability and Academic Life Blackballed: The Black and White Politics of Race on American Campuses  by  Lawrence Ross With distressing regularity, an American college campus erupts after a racist party or incident of harassment takes place at a fraternity or sorority. Typically, theres a period of tumult followed by a complete lack of reckoning or real change. In this book, Ross argues that these isolated incidents are anything but isolated, and are instead a fundamental part of a higher education system designed for white students at the expense of black ones.  With a significant focus on the Greek system at predominantly white institutionsâ€"which continue to have an inordinate, disproportionate influence on the student experienceâ€"Ross draws on interviews and historical context to make his case. Ross, author of  The Divine Nine: The History of African American Fraternities and Sororities, zooms out from particular Greek organizations to consider broader policies (like affirmative action) that help continue American higher educations long tradition of racial segregation. Extra Credit:  Megan M. Hollands Divergent Paths to College: Race, Class, and Inequality in High Schools

The War On Poverty And Poverty - 1149 Words

The War on Poverty Poverty in the United States would appear to be an oxymoron. Considering the United States of America is one of the most prolific economies in today’s global market. However, according to the US Census Bureau forty-seven million Americans live in poverty today. â€Å"Poverty condemns millions of people throughout the world to live in deplorable and inhuman conditions. These people are trapped in a cycle of poverty, living in places offering little protection from the rain, wind, and cold† (George 671). Despite poverty being a major problem within the boarders of the United States, American government disperses over fifty billion dollars to relieve similar situations in third world countries. A more logical allocation of resources would be to address the problem right here at home rather than blindly giving to the poor of the rest of the world. Fifty-two years ago in 1964 United States President Lyndon Johnson declared War on Poverty in his State of the Union Address saying â€Å"â€Å"This administration today, here and now, declares unconditional war on poverty in America. Our objective is total victory.† This declaration of war marked the beginning of a campaign that sparked many anti-poverty programs. These programs include the Economic Opportunity Act, Head Start, Community Action Program, and Job Corps. Johnson targeted the â€Å"causes† of poverty rather than the mere â€Å"consequences† of it. Since the War on Poverty took effect in the US the quality of life andShow MoreRelatedThe War On Poverty And Poverty1290 Words   |  6 PagesStates is in an â€Å"unconditional war† on poverty in America. Fifty-two years later the United States taxpayers have spent over twenty-two trillion dollars on anti-poverty programs. Although the poverty rate has decreased tremendously poverty is still an issue as of today. Poverty refers to the condition where people’s basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met. Poverty is separated into two categories; absolute poverty, and relative poverty. Absolute poverty measures the number of peopleRead MoreWar On Poverty And Poverty1662 Words   |  7 Pagesyou can recall, war on poverty was declared more than 50 years ago. Yet, more than 46 million Americans continue to live in poverty. Thus, with bipartisan support, policies and programs have been passed by the various administrations making a significant impact on reducing poverty, but not winning the battle. Poverty is a concerning matter that must be nationally recognized given the fact that the issues and obstacles faced by the impoverished are the root cause of constant poverty among communitiesRead MoreWar on Poverty1156 Words   |  5 PagesWar on Poverty I believe poverty is a big social issue in America. Poverty can be the main cause of robberies, drugs, alcoholism, prostitution, and homelessness. These are some examples that concern me the most. Many people in this country don’t realize how serious this issue is, although we see it happening all the time. This issue is so overwhelming that it’s not brought up by many people nowadays. Poverty in this country has been since America was established. There has always been povertyRead MoreAnalysis of The War on Poverty787 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"War on Poverty†, introduced by former US President, Lyndon B. Johnson during his State of the Union address, was the unofficial name for legislation. President Johnson delivered his War on Poverty speech at a time of recovery in which the poverty level had fallen from 22.4% in 1959 to 19% in 1964. Critics saw it as an effort to get the United States Congress to authorize social welfare programs. [1] During Johnson’s 1964 Presidential campaign, he often spoke about his vision for America. Read MoreBrain Storm : The New War On Poverty1269 Words   |  6 PagesBrain Storm: The New War on Poverty How the media portrays those living in poverty initiated many new chapters in scholarly research. Very few, however, address the media’s depiction of the poor during times of disaster (natural or manmade). The issue of poverty is mostly understood through the frames in which the media presents it. As the media continues to use episodic frames (individual causes) over thematic frames that seek to address poverty in its entirety (Iyengar, 1990), the frames deliverRead MoreThe Evolution Of Poverty During The Civil War1654 Words   |  7 Pages THE EVOLUTION OF POVERTY IN AMERICA Missy Worrells Modern History 1073 November 19, 2014 â€Æ' The Evolution of Poverty in America Poverty is a hardship that has existed in every milestone of American history. War impacted the economy of the country after the Civil War. The twentieth century would see wars, natural disasters, and economical depressions that contributed to the developing culture of poverty. Poverty in any time period is a shattering experience. While being poorRead MorePresident Johnson s War On Poverty2132 Words   |  9 Pages Since President Johnson’s ‘War on Poverty’ campaign in the 1960s, many public policies have been implemented to help people in poverty. The United States has the highest rate of poverty among all other industrialized nations (Komoro, Flay, Biglan, 2011). Unemployment, social inequalities, health disparities, incarceration, housing and rates of impoverished children are just some of the social problems in poverty, and they are on the rise (Komoro, Flay, Biglan, 2011). Development in impoverishedRead MorePoverty Is More Important Than A War Of Nations1769 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Wars of nations are fought to change maps. But wars of poverty are fought to map change.† Here, Muhammad Ali, a former famous American professional boxer, parallels wars of nations to simply changing petty lines on a map, while compares wars on poverty to changing the well being of others for the better, not war. A war on poverty is more important than a war of nations because in Ali’s eyes people are all the same and should focus on helping rather than hurting each other. Overall, poverty is aRead MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson Declared A War On Poverty1219 Words   |  5 PagesHistory In 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson declared a war on poverty in his State of the Union address. Johnson s aim was to not only relieve the symptoms of poverty, but to cure and prevent it. The war on poverty took shape as a comprehensive effort to address the needs of the nation, nearly half of whom were children. The war moved from concept to reality when the Economic Opportunity Act was passed by Congress in August 1964. The establishment of the Head Start preschool was authorized underRead MoreHow the Federal Bilingual Education Act of 1968 Ended the War on Poverty1699 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to examine how the Federal Bilingual Education Act of 1968, ended the War on Poverty. Bilingual education is the use of more than one language to deliver curriculum content. The bilingual education system is designed for students to become proficient in English, and also encourage students to become bi-cultural; and function in two, or more linguistic and cultural groups. The policy expressed U.S commitment to the needs of the growing number of children in the public

Are stocks really less volatile Example

Essays on Are stocks really less volatile Research Proposal An Exploration into the Volatility of Equity Stocks in the Kuwait Economy Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Key words 3 Aims Background 3 Literature Review 4 Research Questions Methods 5 References 7 Key words Kuwait Stock Exchange, Statistical measures, Volatility, Exchange Traded Funds, futures, capitalization rate of Kuwait, X-stream trading system, SMARTS surveillance system, Coefficient technique, long-run predictive variance, multi-period risk and return variance. Aims Background The current study will be outlining whether stocks are least volatile in the Kuwait financial market than the other investment instruments. Main aim of the study is to measure dispersion involved in the equity investment options of Kuwait. Statistical measures will be used to outline the level security or risk associated in the market index (Favero Nucera, 2014). Volatility of the market options of the Kuwait Stock Exchange will be judged on the basis of Exchange Traded Funds and justification of futures and options in worldwide appearance. Moreover, the study will put a shed on the investment atmosphere of Kuwait and risks involved in it (Canarella, Miller Pollard, 2010). It has been observed that capitalization rate of the Kuwait Stock Exchange market is highest among the Middle Eastern countries. The equity market reported with the presence of almost two hundred companies, who are using their equity shares to raise funds. The stock exchange is having the market value of more than 28 billion KD or USD 100 billion (Arumugam, 2013). It offers high market capitalization rate in comparison to the GDP of the country. The ratio represents nearly 100% of the entire GDP of the Kuwait (Kse.com.kw, 2015). The system represents risk profile in highly informative manner. They came into a â€Å"partnership† contract with NASDAQ OMX, which is the leading the stock exchange set up in the world. The organization is providing highly efficient trading analysis, exchange or transaction technologies, information regarding various public limited companies (Kse.com.kw, 2015). It has been observed that the KSE has started to use â€Å"X-stream trading system† after the tie up of NASDAQ deal (Kse.com.kw, 2015). The collaboration has also offered the equity investors in promoting the set up with â€Å"SMARTS surveillance system† (Kse.com.kw, 2015). The new system offered investors and other stakeholders with high transfer of knowledge and analytical experience. NASDAQ OMX introduced huge number of financial experts who helped in gaining higher insights on the modern commercial markets of the Middle Eastern country. â€Å"The SMARTS surveillance system† started working from the year 2010 and X-stream used from 2012. Both the systems are helping the investors in meeting the fragile economic conditions (Kse.com.kw, 2015). Literature Review Volatility can be defined as the uncertainty or risk associated with investment made in equity stock (Favero Nucera, 2014). It refers to the level of risks allied with the change of investment volume, which will be measured with the help of the statistical technique like standard deviation and variance. Such numerical methods will calculate the difference between returns of the securities in distinct time or market index (Canarella, Miller Pollard, 2010). Henceforth, it can be said that the equity, debenture, preference shares, money market instruments, mutual funds, real estate, derivatives and non marketable securities expressing high volatility represents higher level of risk (Brandt Kang, 2002). In the financial investment market, option pricing formulas are gaining higher importance among stock exchanges. Return from any underlying asset outlines high fluctuation which is calculated with the help of option expiration evaluation (Gregoriou, 2009). Volatility is calculated with the help of coefficient percentage and option-pricing formulas. Mainly, unpredictability of the investments is higher in the daily trading policies. Coefficient technique is used in outlining the changes in the level of risk (HansooYoo, 2013). Volatility of stock returns is calculated on annual basis so that the contrast of stock markets can be outlined. Instability of the stock markets is higher in the shorter prospects whereas, it is lower in the longer investment horizons. Mean reversion is one of the highly used techniques for calculating return predictability in any type of market (HansooYoo, 2013). There are mainly five components that are used in judging the â€Å"long-run predictive variance† (Karunanayake, Valadkhani Obrien, 2010). They are i.i.d. uncertainty, mean reversion, uncertainty regarding the expected future returns, insecurity of existing predictable returns and risk estimation (Favero Nucera, 2014). In order to outline the unpredictability of the long-horizon discrepancy and parameter hesitation, different techniques are used. Mainly conditional variance and components of long-horizon variance techniques are used (Kassimatis, 2011). Empirical frameworks of the outlining stock risk levels are one of the predictive systems components which use predictive variance. Major stock exchanges are using the techniques like priors and posteriors techniques in order to predict multi-period risk and return variance. On the contrary, strength of the equity markets are calculated with the help of substitute samples, model of uncertainty and time varying volatility (Schwartz, Byrne Colaninno, 2011). It has been observed that the target-date funds are gaining popularity as investment assets. Debenture, preference shares, money market instruments, mutual funds, real estate, derivatives and non marketable securities are the major options for the investors (Kassimatis, 2011). Mainly, volatility can be checked with the statistical methods like measure of dispersion, standard deviation, variance analysis and co-efficient and correlation methods (Pastor Stambaugh, 2012). Research Questions Methods H0: Stocks are least volatile in the Kuwait stock market. H1: Stocks are highly volatile in the Kuwait financial investment market. The above mentioned hypothesis will be used in the study to prove that the volatility of the equity share is lower than the other investment options like, debenture, preference shares, money market instruments, mutual funds, real estate, derivatives and non marketable securities. The study will be outlining change of risk level which will be faced while investing in Kuwait Stock Exchange (Favero Nucera, 2014). The hypothesis will be testing the level of risk instability focused on KSE instruments. In order to justify the marketplace, different methods will be used. Mainly, the study will be outlining the volatility of stock of Kuwait in respect to the international standards (Schwartz, Byrne Colaninno, 2011). While conducting the research, the researcher will be having options of three different philosophies like positivism, interpretive and realism. In the current study, positivism philosophy will be used to analyse volatility of stocks (Canarella, Miller Pollard, 2010). Research approaches can be inductive or deductive. Deductive approach will be selected so that different financial risk related theories can be used and newly invented theories are used to investigate on the current topic. On the other hand, the researcher can use the exploratory, explanatory and descriptive research designs. In case of the current study, descriptive design will be selected to analyze Kuwait based stock volatility (Brandt Kang, 2002). Current topic requires information on the KSE risk volatility, which requires data collection from both primary and secondary sources. This study will be using the secondary data sources like the market snapshots, index chart and sartorial indices (Kse.com.kw, 2015). Such data collection techniques will help in contrasting the historical market data (Kse.com.kw, 2015). Quantitative data will be used to gain more insight on the Kuwait based financial and stock exchange market. In addition, collected data will be analyzed by using â€Å"measure of dispersion, standard deviation, variance analysis and co-efficient and correlation methods†. Microsoft excel software will be used for calculation and data analysis (Schwartz, Byrne Colaninno, 2011). Moreover, researcher needs to maintain the ethical issues like proper data application, benevolent involvement of respondents and maintaining anonymity among the data source. On the contrary, the research can face the complexity or limitations like authenticity, time issues and budget restrictions. References Brandt, M. Kang, Q. (2002). On the relationship between the conditional mean and volatility of stock returns. Cambridge, MA.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Canarella, G., Miller, S., Pollard, S. (2010). NAFTA stock markets. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Arumugam, D. (2013). Stock Market Seasonality- Time Varying Volatility In The Emerging Indian Stock Market. IOSR Journal Of Business And Management, 9(6), 87-103. Favero, C. Nucera, F. (2014). How Much Does the Stock Market Risk Decline with the Investment Horizon? A Cross-Country Comparison. Economic Notes, 43(1), 1-19. Gregoriou, G. (2009). Stock market volatility. Boca Raton: CRC Press. HansooYoo, C. (2013). The Lead-Lag Relationship between Stock Market Volatility and Housing Market Volatility in the U.S. International business education review, 10(3), 65-86. Kse.com.kw, (2015). About KSE - Who We Are? Retrieved 23 June 2015, from http://www.kse.com.kw/EN/AboutKSE/Pages/WhoWeAre.aspx Karunanayake, I., Valadkhani, A. Obrien, M. (2010). Financial Crises and International Stock Market Volatility Transmission. Australian Economic Papers, 49(3), 209-221. Kassimatis, K. (2011). Risk Aversion with Local Risk Seeking and Stock Returns: Evidence from the UK Market. Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 38(5-6), 713-739. Pastor, L., Stambaugh, R. (2012). Are Stocks Really Less Volatile in the Long Run? The Journal Of Finance, LXVII(2), 431-477. Schwartz, R., Byrne, J. Colaninno, A. (2011). Volatility. New York: Springer.

Human Resource Practice Free Essays

string(79) " the country and setting up joint venture banks/financial institutions abroad\." A Report on HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited MBA Program, Stream: HRM Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka July 20, 2009 A Report on HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited Submitted To, Professor Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman Department of Management Studies University of Dhaka Prepared By, MBA, Stream: HRM, 10th Batch, Department of Management Studies University of Dhaka Executive summary In this global competitive era, banks have an important role as a financial institution. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now This report has been prepared on a commercial bank. In every organization, men/human resources play an important role for its success. No organization whether it is small or large, labor intensive or technology intensive can run without human resource. The topic of our report is â€Å"HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited. † We have done this report on the IFIC bank Ltd. Although we have learned some banking activities during preparing our report we have mainly focused on HRM issues to keep the report on the right track. The Bank has a Human Resource Division for its employees’ training development. The also has an Academy for this purpose. There is a Library in the Academy. Bank uses both on-the job training off-the job training method. Branches use on-the job training namely job rotation, Coaching/ under study approach, direct supervision by the senior managers. Head Office uses off-the job training namely Lectures, Conference, Workshop, Management Game, Role playing, Behavior Modeling and Case Study etc. The workforce was 96 in 1983 2014 in 2006. Benefits of the Employees such as House building loans, Car loan at lower interest rate, Provident Fund, Insurance Facilities are available for its employees. Minimum two years is required for promotion of the employees. Two Methods of evaluation for promotion: 1. Annual confidential report (ACR) scored by the immediate supervisor 2. Interview marks. Both marks are added together to prepare list for promotion. Statistical Analysis indicates Average Job Satisfaction Of the employee (Mean) is 3. 37 out of 5. Standard Deviation is 0. 82 Coefficient of Variation (CV) is 24. 3 %. The performance of the bank is satisfactory. Our Report consists of four Chapters namely Introduction, Methodology, analysis Findings, Conclusion Recommendations, Bibliography Appendix. In the first chapter: History of the organization, objectives of the organization, functions of the organization, organ gram of the organization, existing program of the organization and the future program of the organization has been described. In the second chapter: Objectives of the study, data collection, data interpretation, limitations of the study has been described. In the third chapter: Human resource planning, recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, CPD, findings, pay scale and labor management relations has been described. In the final fourth chapter recommendations, conclusions, suggestions and appendix and bibliography are given. Letter of Transmittal 20 July, 2009 To Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman Professor, Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of Report. Dear Sir, With due respect, we are stating that we are a few students of MBA program Stream: HRM doing our report under Professor Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman. We are very happy to inform you that we have prepared our Report on â€Å"HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited† and would like to submit it to you at this time. Therefore, we will be highly pleased if you accept our Report. Sincerely Yours, MBA 10TH Batch Stream: HRM Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Acknowledgement At the very outset, we do hereby express our heartiest gratitude and countless thanks to the Almighty who has enabled us to prepare this report on â€Å"HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited† We would like to thank our Professor Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman for his sincere guidance. We have done report our on IFIC Bank Ltd. We would like to thank the Managing director of the Bank, Md. Masiur Rahman; Senior Executive Vice President Head of HRD Research, R. M. Debnath. Md. Sahabuddin, Librarian of the IFIC Academy Library has helped us providing information about the HRM issues of IFIC Bank Ltd. Finally, we would like to thank all persons who have helped us to prepare our Report. Abbreviations Used |No. Abbreviation |Elaboration | |01 |IFIC |International finance investment commerce | |02 |MD |Managing Director | |03 |SEVP |Senior executive vice president | |04 |EVP |Executive vice president | |05 |SVP |Senior vice president | |06 |EVP |Executive vice president | |07 |VP |Vice president |08 |SAVP |Senior assistance vice president | |09 |FAVP |First assistance vice president | |10 |AVP |Assistance vice president | |11 |SSO |Senior staff officer | |12 |SO |Staff officer | |13 |G-1 |Officer grade-1 | |14 |PO |Provisionary officer | |15 |G-2 |Officer grade-2 | |16 |CASH/COMP |Cash/Computer officer | |17 |OA(SG) |Office assistance(security guard) | |18 |O. ASSTT. |Office assistance | |19 |SS |Security staff | |20 |O. ATT. Office attendance | |21 |Ltd. |Limited | |22 |HRM |Human Resource Management | Table of contents |Chapter no. |Particulars |Page no. | | |Executive Summary |3 | | |Letter of transmittal |4 | |Acknowledgements |5 | | |Abbreviations |6 | | |List of chart and graph |9 | | |Dedication |9 | |Chapter 1 |Introduction |10 | | |(a) Background |10 | | |(b) Objectives |10 | | |(c) Functions |11 | | |(d) Organ gram of the organization |11 | | |(e) Existing program of the organization |13 | | |(f) Future program of the organization |16 | |Chapter 2 |Research methodology |17 | | |(a) Objectives of the study |17 | | |(b) Data collection |17 | | |(c) Data interpretation |18 | | |(d) Limitations |19 | |Chapter 3 |Findings and analysis |19 | | |(a) Literature review |19 | | |(b) Human resource department |22 | | |(C) Workforce 22 | | |(d) Human resource planning |24 | | |(e) Recruitment and selection |24 | | |(f) Training and development |25 | | |(g) Performance appraisal |28 | | |(h) Career planning development |29 | | |(i) Findings |29 | | |(j) Pay scale |30 | | |(k) Labor management relations |32 | |Chapter 4 |Recommendations and conclusions |33 | | |(a) Conclusions |33 | | |(b) Recommendations |34 | | |(c) Suggestions |35 | | |Appendix |36 | | |Bibliography |38 | List of graph and charts In this report we have not used too much chart and diagram because the topic is the HRM related issue and not on the financial matters we are preparing this report so have used only four chart and graph. |Page no |Contents |Subject matters | |12 |Table |Organizational hierarchy | |23 |Bar Diagram |Workforce | |24 |Organizational chart |HRP | |32 | Bar diagram |Pay scale | Dedication Dedication to our course teacher Dr. M. Ataur Rahman And Our Mother and Father Date of submission: 20/07/09 Chapter 1 Introduction (a) Background of IFIC Bank Limited International Finance Investment and Commerce Bank Limited (IFIC Bank) is a banking company incorporated in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh with limited liability. It was set up at the instance of the Government in 1976 as a joint venture between the Government of Bangladesh and sponsors in the private sector with the objective of working as a finance company within the country and setting up joint venture banks/financial institutions abroad. You read "Human Resource Practice" in category "Papers". In 1983 when the Government allowed banks in the private sector, IFIC was converted into a full-fledged commercial bank. At that time this deposit was 231. 03 crore and profit figure was 5. 06 crore. Up to 2008 its number of branch stands to 65 and its paid up capital was 1,341,431,400 TK. The Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh now holds 35% of the share capital of the Bank. Leading industrialists of the country having vast experience in the field of trade and commerce own 34% of the share capital and the rest is held by the general public. The bank earned ever-highest operating profit during the year 2002 among all private banks of Bangladesh (except Islami Bank BD Ltd. ) The bank earned an operating profit of Tk. 55 crore during the year 2006. (b) Objectives of the organization The objective of the organization is to provide service to its clients with the help of a skilled and dedicated workforce whose creative talents, innovative actions and competitive edge will make its position unique in giving quality service to all institutions and individuals that it care for. It is committed to the welfare and economic prosperity of the people and the community, for that it is working towards to gain progress to prosperity. The bank want to be the leader among banks in Bangladesh and make its indelible mark as an active partner in regional banking operating beyond the national boundary. In an intensely competitive and complex financial and business environment, it particularly focus on growth and profitability of all concerned. (c) Functions of the organization ) IFIC acts as an investment and finance company under arrangement of joint venture with the Govt. of Bangladesh. 2) It operates Foreign Exchange Business in a limited scale. 3) It operates as a commercial b ank. 4) It operates overseas joint venture such as in 1983 it set up its first overseas joint venture on the Republic of Maldives. 5) It acts as a joint venture Exchange Company. 6) IFIC establish overseas bank such as that branch in Pakistan at Karachi. 7) By joint venture activities it functions the act of second lease financing. (d) Organ gram of the organization The thirteen members of the Board of Directors are responsible for the strategic planning and overall policy guidelines of the Bank. Further, there is an Executive Committee of the Board to dispose of urgent business proposals. Besides, there is an Audit Committee in the Board to oversee compliance of major regulatory and operational issues. The CEO and Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director and Head of Divisions are responsible for achieving business goals and overseeing the day to day operation. The CEO and Managing Director is assisted by a Senior Management Group consisting of Deputy Managing Director and Head of Divisions who supervise operation of various Divisions centrally and co-ordinates operation of branches. Key issues are managed by a Management Committee headed by the CEO and Managing Director. This facilitates rapid decisions. There is an Asset Liability Committee comprising member of the Senior Executives headed by CEO and Managing Director to look into all operational functions and Risk Management of the Bank. Organizational hierarchy |Managing Director | | | |Deputy Managing Director | | | |Assistant Managing Director | | |General Manager | | | |Deputy General Manager | | | |Assistant General Manger | | | |Senior Principal Officer | | | |Principal Officer | | | |Senior Officer Grade-| | | | |Officer Grade-|| | (e) Existing program of the organization In 1976 IFIC was established as an Investment Finance Company under arrangement of joint venture with the Govt. of Bangladesh. In 1980 it commenced its operation in Foreign Exchange Business in a limited scale. In 1982 it obtained permission from the Govt. to operate as a commercial Bank. In 1983 setup its first overseas joint venture (Bank of Maldives) on the Republic of Maldives. Then it commenced operation as a full-fledged commercial Bank in Banglade sh. In 1985 it set up a joint venture Exchange Company in the Sultanate of Oman. In 1987 it set up its first overseas branch in Pakistan at Karachi. In 1993 it Set up its second overseas branch in Pakistan at Lahore. In 1994 it set up its first joint venture in Nepal for banking operation. In 1999 it set up its second joint venture in Nepal for lease financing. In 2003 the Bank celebrated its 20th founding anniversary. Other than that the Bank offers various loans and scheme to the customers. The major loans and schemes are the banks main product. The description of the products are given below. 1. Auto Loan: Rolls Royce, Ferrari or a Cadillac that’s for one born with good luck. For the one’s who dream to make their own luck. Come to IFIC for your desired Car. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with us then you can easily apply for the AUTO LOAN. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 15 lac Loan Period: 12-60 months. 2. Consumer Loan: Life is complex as it is. IFIC makes your life-style easy and comfortable with the Consumer Durable Loan. So avail the easy facility offer. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult and employed person and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for the loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 1 Lac. Loan Period: 12-36 months. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately,  Least Formalities. 3. Porua Loan: A good education is the foundation for a successful life. IFIC is offering the opportunity to students to pursue higher education opportunity with the loan facility. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for the loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 8 Lac Loan Period: 12-48 months Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, least Formalities. 4. Flexi Loan: The demands and uncertainties of life getting you down? Here is the answer. Come avail yourself IFIC’s Flexi Loan, to turn the uncertainties of life to a certainty you can control. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult Bangladeshi employed by the Govt/Autonomous body/ Bank/ MNC/ NGO or any other kind of employed person with at least monthly Tk. 10,000 salary then you are eligible for the Flexi Loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 3 lac. Loan Period:12-36 months. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 5. Thikana Loan A man’s home is just not his castle, it’s more than an asset, and it’s an investment for his future generation. IFIC’s Thikana Loan helping you find your ADDRESS. Your life’s Satisfaction First. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for the loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 75 Lac. Loan Period: Maximum 15 years. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 6. Possession Loan For those people running a successful business from rented premises, IFIC BANK is there to finance you for loan. So your business can have its own Permanent Address. Getting the Loan: If you are a Bangladeshi entrepreneur with only 2 years of successful business record having a valid trade license and also have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for this loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 5 Lac. Loan Period: Maximum 65 years on the date of maturity of the loan. Processing: Quick Processing, Immediately, Least Formalities. 7. Peshajibi Loan Whether you are a Doctor/ Engineer/ IT professional/ Management Consultant or any other professional come find out about IFIC’s advancement Peshajeebi Loan that lays the foundation for your career elevation. IFIC works for your professional Satisfaction. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with us then you can easily apply for the PESHAJEEBI LOAN. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 5 lac. Loan Period: 12-36 months. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 8. Retail Loan To the small entrepreneurs who know their trade yet feel frustrated by the lack of money to get a bigger share in the marketplace. IFIC BANK understands their problem and believes that financial support at the right time can take them to (their desired) right place. Getting the Loan: If you are a Bangladeshi entrepreneur with min of 2 years of successful business record, have a valid trade license and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for this loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 1 Lac. Loan Period: Maximum 2 years. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 9. Pension Savings Scheme Empower yourself for a secure and prosperous future with IFIC PSS. Partnership for a prosperous and secure future. Features: Under this Scheme you can open a deposit scheme for Tk. 500, Tk. 1000, Tk. 2000 and Tk. 5000 per month for 3 or 5 years whichever suits you. You can make the deposit within 10th of each month (In case of holiday the next working day). You can get Loan up to 80% of the deposited amount You can receive the entire deposit amount with interest at one go or receive a pension on a monthly basis at a desirable amount of your monthly installments. For your clarity a Table of Deposit Scheme and after Maturity Payable Amount is given below: Monthly Installment 3 Years Scheme 5 Years Scheme Tk. 500 Tk. 20322Tk. 36266 Tk. 1000 Tk. 40645Tk. 72532 Tk. 2000 Tk. 81290Tk. 145064 Tk. 5000 Tk. 203225Tk. 362661 (f) Future program of the organization The banks future program is to provide service to its clients with the help of a skilled and dedicated workforce whose creative talents, innovative actions and competitive edge make its position unique in giving quality service to all institutions and individuals that it care for. The bank wants to be the leader amongst banks in Bangladesh and make its indelible mark as an active partner in regional banking operating beyond the national boundary. For that reason it is making joint venture and new loans and schemes and expanding its business in the country and outside the country. Chapter Two Research methodology (a) Objective of the study The main objective is to analyze HRM issues and to find the different problems associated with different HRM activities. Specially: ? To find out different problems of HRM activities ? To judge the employees’ job satisfaction level ? To seek different problems of the employees in the banking sector ? To identify the reasons for which the problems are created ? To search ways to solve the problems of the organization ? To provide suggestions to solve problems of the employees and the banks (b) Data collection a) Primary sources: A questionnaire that are being answered by different people from IFIC bank Ltd. ? Guidelines and suggestions from our Professor Ataur Rahman. ? Interviewing the bank officials, specially the various officers of IFIC Bank Ltd, IFIC academy. b) Secondary Sources: ? Annual reports of IFIC Bank Ltd ? Different Published Booklets of IFIC Bank Ltd ? Different books ? Various published documents ? Various information from various website. ? Academic calendar 2007, IFIC Bank Limited. ? Different documents of the IFIC Bank Ltd. taken from Head Office the Branch. ? Web site: www. ificbankbd. com. (c) Data interpretation For data interpretation two approaches have been mainly used in this report, 1. Conceptual approach 2. Empirical approach. The approaches are discussed below: ? Conceptual approach: A theoretical section is given in this report (the company profile) to give an insight various information concerning the financial function. ? Empirical approach: This refers to that has been directly collected and interpreted from the survey on IFIC bank Limited. Statistical analytical tools such as trend analysis of the different variables such as number branches, employees etc. of the different years, analysis of the various performance indicators with the help of different tables, figures diagrams such as simple multiple bar diagram etc. are used in the report. Statistical Analysis such as standard deviation, co efficient of variation and mean is used to understand job satisfaction etc. Such as average job satisfaction of the employee (Mean) is 3. 37 out of 5. Standard Deviation is 0. 82 Coefficient of Variation (CV) is 24. 33 %. (d) Limitations of the study Nothing is beyond limitations. Everywhere and in every task there must have some sort of limitations. We also faced some problems at the time of preparing our report as well. The limitations are: ? Lack of availability of data ? Shortage of time ? Company’s restrictions to disclose all information ? Perceptual difference of the employees to measure job satisfaction Chapter 3 Findings and analysis (a) Literature review Our report is on the HRM practiced by IFIC bank so literature review is focused on the HRM terminologies. Human Resource Management (HRM) The set of organizational activities directed at attaining, developing and maintaining an effective workforce. Why is Human Resource Management (HRM)? It is not possible to run any organization (whether it is small or large) without people/ Human Resources. Organization must satisfy its employees to achieve its objectives. It is not possible without Human Resource Management (HRM). HRM is important for: ? Hiring capable/right employees for the organization ? Motivating employees ? Retaining capable employees ? Taking steps for guarding high employee turn-over Orientation, training and development of the employees ? Placing employees in the right jobs ? Maintaining good relation among the organizational members ? Developing team sprit, cooperation morale of the employees ? Delegating the authority responsibility among the subordinates ? Controllin g administration human resources of the organization Major Human Resource Management (HRM) activities are: ? Job analysis ? Recruitment Selection ? Orientation, Training and Development ? Compensation Management ? Job evaluation ? Performance appraisals ? Motivating Employees ? Communication Human Resource Management (HRM) Terminologies: Job analysis: A systematic procedure for collecting and recording information about the jobs. Compensation: Compensation is what employees receive in exchange for their work including their pay and benefits. Recruitment: the processing of attracting capable individuals to apply for the job that is open. Internal Recruitment: Internal Recruitment considers current employees as applicants for higher-level jobs in the organization. External Recruitment: People are collected from outside the organization to apply for the jobs. Employment tests: Employment tests are the devices that assess the probable match between applicants and job requirements. HRM selection: Selection is the choosing capable employees both the job and organization. Training: Teaching operational or mechanical employees how to do the jobs for which they are hired. Development: Teaching managers and professionals the skills needed for both present and future jobs. Training and Development Methods: Assigned readings, behavior modeling, case discussion, conference, Lectures, on the job training such as job rotation etc. Job evaluation: An attempt to asses the worth of each job relative to other jobs Performance appraisals: A formal assessment of how well an employee is doing his or her jobs. Benefits: Benefits are the things of value other than financial compensation that an organization provides to its workers. (b) Human resource department Human Resources Department is focused on recruitment and in-house training for both on the job and off the job Bank staff members through the Bank’s Academy. IFIC Bank Academy – the oldest institution in the private sector – was conceived of as an in-house training center to take care of the training needs of the Bank internally. Academy is fully equipped with a professional library, modern training aids and professional faculty. Library has about 4941 books on banking, economics, accounting, management, marketing and other related subjects. Main training activities consist of in-depth foundation programs for entry level Management Trainees. Specialized training programs in the areas like general banking, advance, foreign exchange, marketing and accounts etc. re also organized by the Academy depending on need. Frequently outreach programs are organized to meet demand for new and specialized skills. During its 23 years of existence, Academy not only conducted cour ses, workshops and seminars as required by the Bank, but it also organized training programs for the Bank of Maldives, Nepal Bangladesh Bank Limited and Oman International Exchange LLC. (c) Workforce Total manpower stood at 2,014 as on December 31, 2006. Out of them 1430 were officers and 584 were non-officer employees. The number of female employees in the Bank on the date was 275. Growth in workforce of the Bank from 1983 to 2006 is given below: Growth in workforce Year |Officer |Staff |Total | |1983 |61 |35 |96 | |1985 |264 |89 |432 | |1990 |512 |480 |992 | |1995 |964 |601 |1565 | |2000 |1151 |549 |1700 | |2005 |1415 |575 |1990 | |2006 |1430 |584 |2014 | Sources: IFIC Bank Academic Calendar 2007 Prepared from previous table [pic] Analysis: Total employees from 1983 to 2006 have been shown in this figure. Total employees was 96 in 1983, 432 employees in 1985, 992 employees in 1990, 1565 employees in 1995, 1700 employees in 2000, 1990 employees in 2005, and 2014 employees in 2006. (d) HRP [pic] (e) Recruitment and Selection The Recruitment Selection procedure of the bank is also related to its overall strategy. The bank is going to expand its branches in the near future and the bank is recruiting new employees junior officers to satisfy its long run objectives. Highly qualified employees are hired for the organization. Entry-level position minimum qualification: External sources: Provisionary officers: Minimum graduate Grade-2 officers: Minimum graduate Cash or computer officers: Minimum HSC Below the Above level: Minimum Class-VIII Internal sources: Other senior posts are filled by the internal sources except some technical or specialized field. (f) Training and development The Academy At the very beginning, the bank laid a foundation by setting up an academy at Head Office under Human Resource Division to develop human resource internally. Equipped with a professional library, modern training aids, professional faculty and other facilities, the Academy of the bank is a leading one among the banks in private sector. The Academy regularly conducts foundation courses, specialized courses and seminars in different areas of banking to take care of the professional needs. In addition, officers are regularly sent to Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management (BIBM) and Bangladesh Bank training Academy for professional training. Sending officers abroad for higher training is a regular feature. A Research Department also works in aid of HRD and other operational areas. The Academy has to its credit the experience of conducting several courses for the officers of the Bank of Maldives (BML) and Nepal-Bangladesh Bank Limited. In addition, it built up the training system for the Bank of Maldives Limited. The Academic activities: IFIC Bank Academy, established in 1983 as in- house training institution, takes care of the training need of the employees of the Bank. The objectives of the Academy are to: ? Make available skilled and dedicated workforce within shortest possible time by reducing time required for on-the-job training; ? Develop understanding about low and practice of banking through foundation training. Impart technical skill to the operational level officers through case studies/practical experience/demonstration/ project visit for efficient operations; ? Develop analytical decision making skills of the officers; ? Develop understanding about human/conceptual skill and organizational cultures; ? Impart managerial skills to groom future Execu tives and to keep existing Executives up-to-date with national and international environment. Types of programs For fresher, Foundation Courses on elementary knowledge of banking are organized. Specialized Courses on the areas like Credit, Foreign Exchange, Accounts, Inspection, marketing etc. are meant for officials working in those areas. Senior level courses are run on specific knowledge area. Certain courses are a blend of different knowledge areas. In addition, certain priority programs are also being conducted by the Academy. These include program on Anti-Money Laundering, new skills required to perform new jobs. Approaches to Training: Training conducted by the Head Office: Head Office uses off-the job training namely Lectures, Conference, Workshop, Management Game, Role playing, Behavior Modeling and Case Study etc. Training conducted by the Branch: Branches use on-the job training namely job rotation, Coaching/ under study approach, direct supervision by the senior managers. The Academy holds need-based training courses/workshops/seminars etc. which are finalized by HRD Division in consultation with various departments and senior Executives at Head Office. Training inputs are constantly reviewed/modified for achieving the Bank’s objectives. Methods in training include: discussion/lecture/workshop/case study/games/role play/film show/simulation/group work presentation /project visit and so on. On-the-job training Foundation courses have two parts: theoretical training in the Academy and job rotation. The officers on probation are requested to undergo both in a period of one year. During this period, three-phased training program is effective. On theoretical training in, say, General Banking the officers are required to undergo rotation in General banking activities under the supervision of the HRD. Similar process is followed in case of Credit Foreign exchange. They report to the HRD weekly about the progress in rotation when problem-oriented discussion takes place for better understanding. Faculty The Academy has built up a pool of professional trainers within the Bank. In addition to permanent and professional trainers, speakers are drawn from operational side so that on-the-job experience may be exchanged and shared. Over and above, speakers from Central Bank, professional training institutions, universities, research organizations, and Govt. rganizations are also invited to share views and experience. Senior and retired bankers are also regularly invited to enhance effectiveness of training. Library The Academy has a good collection of books, journals, magazines. The books are mainly on subjects like Banking, Economi cs, Accounting, Management and Marketing etc. as on December, 2006 the library had 5,461 books/titles. The books are issued to the employees usually for one month. In 1988, the Academy undertook steps to build up Mini Libraries at all the branches outside Dhaka with a view to helping the employees with books and reading materials for updating and upgrading their knowledge. Branches are supplied with books /journals etc. for their Mini Libraries from time to time. (g) Performance appraisal The performance of the employees is measured by the immediate supervisors of the subordinates. The peace rate system is not applicable. The performance of the employees is not directly applied in the compensation system. It only helps in increasing the score of the Annual confidential report (ACR) to their supervisors. It helps the employees get promotion to the higher positions. Minimum two years is required for promotion of the employees. Two Methods of evaluation for promotion: 1. Annual confidential report (ACR) scored by the immediate supervisor 2. Interview marks. Both marks are added together to prepare list for promotion. Statistical Analysis indicates Average Job Satisfaction Of the employee (Mean) is 3. 37 out of 5. Standard Deviation is 0. 82 Coefficient of Variation (CV) is 24. 33 %. (h) CPD For freshers, foundation Courses on elementary knowledge of banking are organized. Specialized Courses on the areas like Credit, Foreign Exchange, Accounts, Inspection, marketing etc. are meant for officials working in those areas. Senior level courses are run on specific knowledge area. Certain courses are a blend of different knowledge areas. In addition, certain priority programs are also being conducted by the Academy. These include program on Anti-Money Laundering, new skills required to perform new jobs. In this way the initiative for the new and young employees are conducted and their career path become smooth by taking this kind of training. (I) Findings ? IFIC bank Ltd. has capable workforce to compete with others. ? In Banks, specially in the senior position, experienced educated employees are required. ? Remuneration is high in the bank. ? Most of the employees are satisfied in the bank. ? Working environment in the bank is healthy fine. ? Employee welfare program has insurance facility, loan facility, provident fund transportation house rent allowances, and gratuity etc. ? Interest rate is very low for the employees. Training methods: lectures, assigned reading, job rotation are used good. ? Employees are sincere. ? Employees have to remain vigilant all times employees will be liable for their mistakes. ? Promotion depends on the performance Annual Confidential Report (ACR) scored by the immediate supervisor plus interviews score. ? Bank job is very challenging and stressful, especially in the top- level position. ? Risk management is very difficult task in the bank. ? Sometimes, promotion is delayed because of certain reasons in the banks. ? Sometimes, Employers use nepotism and favoritism at the time of employment and promotion of the employees ? Marketing activities especially deposit target to open account is a difficult task. ? In the bank job, handling the borrowers is a very difficult task. When any borrower comes in the bank and does not get any loan from the bank due to legal requirement procedure of the bank, In this case customers may want to do undue influence to the bankers. They sometimes threaten the bankers for getting loan from the bank. ? Interpersonal relationships communication are good. ? It is monotonous job. Especially employees have to reconcile the accounts: cash/clearing/transfer every day. ? Bankers sometimes have to work more than eight hours in a day without any remuneration. Music is played in the bank to remove monotonous working environment. ? Bonus is also paid on the basis of overall profitability of the banks ? Average Job satisfaction level is more than moderate i. e. , 3. 37 out of 5 (j) Pay scale Monthly compensation paid to the employees Total monthly compensation includes Basic salary; H ouse rent allowances, Conveyance allowance, Medical allowance, Entertainment allowances, Telephone. |No. |Abbreviation |Elaboration |Total Monthly compensation in taka | |01 |MD |Managing Director |300000 Approx. |02 |SEVP |Senior executive vice president |73000 | |03 |EVP |Executive vice president |68000 | |04 |SVP |Senior vice president |62800 | |05 |EVP |Executive vice president |54350 | |06 |VP |Vice president |49150 | |07 |SAVP |Senior assistance vice president |36700 |08 |FAVP |First assistance vice president |33600 | |09 |AVP |Assistance vice president |31500 | |10 |SSO |Senior staff officer |23300 | |11 |SO |Staff officer |20600 | |12 |G-1 |Officer grade-1 |17900 | |13 |PO |Provisionary officer |12000 | |14 |G-2 |Officer grade-2 |9100 | |15 |CASH/COMP |Cash/Computer officer |7690 | |16 |OA(SG) |Office assistance(security guard) |7000 | |17 |O. ASSTT. Office assistance |6100 | |18 |DRIVER |Driver |5300 | |19 |SS |Security staff |4200 | |20 |O. ATT. |Office attendance |3850 | Source: IFIC Bank Ltd. Graphical chart [pic] Total monthly compensation of the employees Vertical lines represent TK amount and the horizontal lines represent the rank of employees. Here is the rank of the 20 employees their salaries in taka. Rank can be known from the previous table, NO. -1 MD gets TK. 300000. 00 around Rank No. – 20 Office Attendance gets TK. 3850. 00 total compensation. (k) LMR There is no trade union in the private commercial bank. But there is no dispute between the employees and the management. Comfortable family environment, comfortable job, satisfaction in work, high remuneration, good customer Service, good interpersonal relation, highly outside inside personal relation development exist in the organization. Chapter 4 Conclusions and recommendations (a) Conclusions Banks play important role in the modern economy; Human Resources Management (HRM) issues play an important role in every organization and also in the banks. No organization can achieve its goals or can be good, until or unless it satisfies employees. Human Resources/ organizational members play the role of the crew who convert goals into the reality. In the banking sector, highly educated strategic personnel are required to create a competitive position to retain it for the long time. Training, principle of equality, job satisfaction, and career development are important in the bank. In the IFIC bank Ltd. The job satisfaction of the employees is more than moderate. Most of the employees are satisfied here. Bank is also satisfied with its employees. Bank’s salary structure is high but not highest in comparison with other commercial banks. Still comfortable working environment, good interpersonal relationship, and the benefits of the employees of the IFIC bank limited are also satisfactory. It has been operating since 1983 and it is a first generation private sector commercial bank in Bangladesh. It has retained its competitive position because of its performance and Employees have made the performance of the organization. Employee’s promotion selection should be fair to get sincere, qualified, dedicated employees. Its employee selection procedure should also remain free from nepotism, favoritism, and reference at all levels of management. Finally, the Bank must introduce modern banking system, adopt new technology, initiate new product, train its employees properly to do their job and keep employee satisfied. Bank’s performance is good for its satisfied employees. Bank is on the right track. Bank’s HRM policy is of course better, it has been able to satisfy its employees and customers as well. (b) Recommendations The authority of the IFIC Bank Limited should: Take initiative to motivate its employees to work more and to achieve its objectives. †¢ Take steps to remove stress and to manage stress in the job. †¢ Train its employees to manage the clients to create a positive image about the bank †¢ Take steps to guard against undue loan sanctions. †¢ Protect ban kers from the threat of the clients. †¢ Develop the practice sincerity and patience among the employees to handle difficulty in work. †¢ Take policy to cope with the problems of environment or technological change. †¢ Initiate highly automated system for the benefits of the clients earning more profit and reputation as well. †¢ Provide overtime allowances for the employees for working more than eight hours. Provide timely promotion to create motivated and dedicated, employees and to increase the performance of the bank and employees as well. †¢ Eliminate nepotism and favoritism from the workplace. †¢ Increase the salary/allowance/incentives for its marketing activity to reach better position †¢ Introduce Career Counseling for its employees. †¢ Increase recreational facilities such as Picnic, Football match etc. †¢ Train properly the employees to handle risk management issues effectively efficiently and †¢ Provide fast service deliv ery. (c) Suggestions The Branch Manager VP has said about â€Å"Staff motivation by management. † AVP has said about â€Å"Better policy for the changing scenario and also adopt farther automation like on line banking. Others employees have said about promotion exercise must be done every year, to do what is good for the banking sectors, timely promotion, better customer service, to increase salary plus other benefits, to establish day care center, service delivery first, proper training the officers staffs, and management should be careful about staff motivation. Appendix Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Questionnaire about HRM issues of IFIC bank Ltd. Purpose of the Study: The purpose is to help a MBA student to prepare an report about HRM issues in the banking sector in Bangladesh in the light of the IFIC bank, Dhaka. 1. Name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2. Designation: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3. Age: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4. Gender: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5. Duration of employment: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6. Duration of employment in this bank: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7. Why do you choose job in the banking sector? a) High remuneration b) Easy job ) Comfortable environment d) Challenging job e) Other, please specify: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8. Why do you choose job this bank? a) Highly paid b) Easy to develop career c) Better performance d) Better HRM policy e) Other, please specify †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9. How do you feel about your job? a) Pleasant b) Unpleasant c) Indifferent 10. Your satisfaction level in the bank job: a) Very high b) high c) moderate d) Low e) very low 11. Most pleasurable thing in this bank job: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦.. 12. Your satisfaction level in the bank: a) Very high b) high c) moderate d) Low e) very low 13. Your relationship with your organization members: ) Very high b) high c) moderate d) Low e) very low 14. Most difficult things in the bank job: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15. Most pleasurable thing in this branch: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16. Your satisfaction level in training: b) High c) moderate d) Low 17. Educational qualification (last): a) Lower than SSC b) SSC c) HSC d) Graduate e) postgraduate 18. Are you satisfied with the culture of this branch? a) Yes b) No c) indifferent 19. Are you satisfied with the HRM policy of the bank? a) Yes b) No c) indifferent 20. Your special suggestions to improve the bank or branch Bibliography 1) Werther, William B. nd Devis, Keith, Human Res ource Management, 5th edition. 2) Griffin, Rikey W. , Management 5th edition. 3) Lesikar, Raymond V. and Pettit, john P. , Business Communication, 6th edition. 4) Academic calendar 2007, IFIC Bank Limited. 5) Different documents of the IFIC Bank Ltd. taken from Head Office the Branch 6) Web site: www. ificbankbd. com. [pic] ———————– Plan for dealing with predicted shortfalls or over staffing Compare future demand and internal supply Forecast external supply Forecast internal supply Predict Demand Assess trend in: ? External labor market ? Current employees ? Future organizational plans ? General economic condition Name ID NO. (1) Md. Mosharref Hossain 36 (2) Saheli Nargis64 (3) Md. Rashedul Hasan78 (4) Zubaer Shoaib86 (5) Md. Naharul Islam92 Name [pic][? ] |67Y[cdoeaO? A?  ©s†¹s†¹s|f|WQHh? â€Å"h†¡9 ©CJh†¡9 ©CJh? â€Å"h†¡9 ©B*[? ]CJ,aJ phy+jhDpB*[? ]CJ,U[pic]aJ mHnHphyu[pic]hOj h†¡9 ©B*[? ]CJ2aJ4phyhX[pic]? h’duB* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬hX[pic]? h†¡9 ©B* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬hX[pic]? h@4iB* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬hemUB* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ho ©B* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬h†¡9 ©CJh? â€Å"ho! nCJ-aJ h[? ]’GhU /5? CJ h#5? CJ jRoll no. Signature 1. Md. Mosharref Hossain36†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. Saheli Nargis64†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. Md. Rashedul Hasan78†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. Zubaer Shoaib86†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5. Md. Naharul Islam 92†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ How to cite Human Resource Practice, Papers

Kombucha Fungus Essays - Chinese Tea, Mycology, Blended Tea

Kombucha fungus This article from the World Wide Web is about the Kombucha fungus, what some call the miracle mushroom. This widely hyped ailment-for-anything are also known as Manchurian mushrooms and Indo- Japanese tea fungus. There is so much information about Kombucha that when I did a web search on it over 100 web sites were devoted to this strange fungus I had never heard of. I decided to look further as see what all this hype is about. Kombucha is a yeast culture supposedly possessing an natural antibiotic effect and an extreme amount of glucuronic acid, a liver detoxifier that flushes poisons out of the body. How does this all happen? First the Kombucha yeast (It is not officially a mushroom) is ground up and most commonly taken into the body in the liquid form of tea. This tea is supposed to taste somewhat like the famous Japanese green tea. If it ferments for a long time the tea tastes like a hot apple cider with a hint of vinegar. The main reason people drink this tea is not for the taste, but for the relief of endless physical ailments. Besides Kombucha's antibiotic and anti-toxin effects, some of the other aspects of well being it helps are: acting as a laxative, relieves pains of arthritis, helps with digestion, relieves stomach cramps and bronchitis, regulates appetite, clears acne, relieves headaches, strengthens hair and nails, stops diarrhea, improves eyesight, and most of all "vitalizes" the physical body. Think that list was long? Those are just a few things on the list that this miracle fungus can help with. Could all this be true? For some reasons the United States hasn't done scientific or clinical studies on Kombucha. However, many other countries throughout the world including Russia, Germany, and Sweden, have been doing studies on this miracle tea for nearly 100 years and have found medical benefits within the Manchurian yeast. Perhaps there is no way to be sure if all this is true, and since there have been no negative effects of drinking Kombucha tea, I would recommend to try some yourself and find out. Kombucha Fungus Essays - Chinese Tea, Mycology, Blended Tea Kombucha fungus This article from the World Wide Web is about the Kombucha fungus, what some call the miracle mushroom. This widely hyped ailment-for-anything are also known as Manchurian mushrooms and Indo- Japanese tea fungus. There is so much information about Kombucha that when I did a web search on it over 100 web sites were devoted to this strange fungus I had never heard of. I decided to look further as see what all this hype is about. Kombucha is a yeast culture supposedly possessing an natural antibiotic effect and an extreme amount of glucuronic acid, a liver detoxifier that flushes poisons out of the body. How does this all happen? First the Kombucha yeast (It is not officially a mushroom) is ground up and most commonly taken into the body in the liquid form of tea. This tea is supposed to taste somewhat like the famous Japanese green tea. If it ferments for a long time the tea tastes like a hot apple cider with a hint of vinegar. The main reason people drink this tea is not for the taste, but for the relief of endless physical ailments. Besides Kombucha's antibiotic and anti-toxin effects, some of the other aspects of well being it helps are: acting as a laxative, relieves pains of arthritis, helps with digestion, relieves stomach cramps and bronchitis, regulates appetite, clears acne, relieves headaches, strengthens hair and nails, stops diarrhea, improves eyesight, and most of all "vitalizes" the physical body. Think that list was long? Those are just a few things on the list that this miracle fungus can help with. Could all this be true? For some reasons the United States hasn't done scientific or clinical studies on Kombucha. However, many other countries throughout the world including Russia, Germany, and Sweden, have been doing studies on this miracle tea for nearly 100 years and have found medical benefits within the Manchurian yeast. Perhaps there is no way to be sure if all this is true, and since there have been no negative effects of drinking Kombucha tea, I would recommend to try some yourself and find out.