Ernest Miller Hemingway

Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His distinctive writing style, characterized by economy and understatement, influenced 20th-century fiction, as did his life of adventure and public image. He produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Hemingway's fiction was successful because the characters he presented exhibited authenticity that resonated with his audience. Many of his works are classics of American literature. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works during his lifetime; a further three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Hemingway was born and raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After leaving high school he worked for a few months as a reporter for The Kansas City Star, before leaving for the Italian front to become an ambulance driver during World War I, which became the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms. He was seriously wounded and returned home within the year. In 1922 Hemingway married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives, and the couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent. During his time there he met and was influenced by modernist writers and artists of the 1920s expatriate community known as the â€Å"Lost Generation†. His first novel, The Sun Also Rises, was written in 1924. After divorcing Hadley Richardson in 1927 Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer; they divorced following Hemingway's return from covering the Spanish Civil War, after which he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls. Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940, but he left her for Mary Welsh Hemingway after World War II, during which he was present at D-Day and the liberation of Paris. Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952 Hemingway went on safari to Africa, where he was almost killed in a plane crash that left him in pain or ill-health for much of the rest of his life. Hemingway had permanent residences in Key West, Florida, and Cuba during the 1930s and '40s, but in 1959 he moved from Cuba to Ketchum, Idaho, where he committed suicide in the summer of 1961. Elements of Fiction Plot, Setting, Character, Conflict, Symbol, and Point of View are the main elements which fiction writers use to develop a story and it’s Theme. Because literature is an art and not a science, it is impossible to specifically quantify any of these elements within any story or to guarantee that each will be present in any given story. Setting might be the most important element in one and almost nonexistent in another. Just as a Crime Scene Investigator cannot approach a crime scene look for a specific clue (e. g., shell casings), you as a reader cannot approach a story decide to look for a specific element, such as Symbol. To assume could blind you to important elements. Both the CSI team and you must examine the entire â€Å"area† carefully to determine what is present and how it is important. With that understanding, let’s examine the elements.

Nicholas Carr vs Steven Pinker Essay

There is no doubt about it that in today’s generation the Internet is one of the best phenomenal creations invented. By simply having a computer, cell phone, tablet, ect, anyone and everyone can access the Internet. But can this powerful yet simple creation have a drastic effect on how the new generation operates today? The entire world is rapidly becoming obsessed; everywhere you look you’re bound to see something related to the Internet. Search engines, texting, twittering, blogging; to name a few. We have all heard of at least one of those internet friendly applications. But can those applications become too friendly to the point where they are a distraction to the young mind? Can those applications hinder how the human brain functions? There are numerous arguments, views and statements regarding such an important question. Two writers that I researched share their opinions and views based off of how the internet has affected others intelligence today. These two writers go by the name of Nicholas Carr and Steven Pinker. Without having any knowledge of what the articles are about one only needs to read there titles to distinguish the differences between the two. Where as Nicholas Carr’s article is titled, â€Å"Does the Internet Make You Dumber? † Steven Pinker’s article is titled, â€Å"Mind over Mass Media†. Both writers have completely different types of titles but one can assume that they are responding to the same subject. After thoroughly reading both articles, Nicholas Carr and Steven Pinker have completely different views when it comes down to how the internet influences others. Firstly, Nicholas Carr addresses heavily how in fact the internet does make you dumber. All throughout the article he gives examples of studies aimed at showing how the internet doesn’t positively contribute to the brain at all. As stated from the article Nicholas Carr explains how â€Å"People who read text studded with links, comprehend less than those who read traditional linear text. How, people who watch busy multimedia presentation remember less than those who take in information in a more sedate and focused manner†. All of which are pretty apparent that the effect that the internet has on the mind is quite drastic. On the other hand, Steven Pinker’s article strongly disagrees at the fact that the internet affects the human brain. His defensive points primarily explain how without the internet a lot of today discoveries and new inventions wouldn’t be possible. Also he defends the fact that distraction or addiction is not a new phenomenon. Regardless of whether the internet is a popular utility or not, distraction would still be an occurring issue. It is quoted: â€Å"If electronic media were hazardous to intelligence, the quality of science would be plummeting. † Also, â€Å"Yes the constant arrival of information packets can be distracting or addictive, especially to people with attention deficit disorder. But distraction is not a new phenomenon. The solution is not to bemoan technology but to develop strategies of self-control as we do with every other temptation in life. † Steven Pinker is trying to get the reader to understand that the internet doesn’t essentially make you dumber but it does hinge at one’s attention span. Outside of the internet distractions are common everywhere. One can become distracted by their job, parents, work, internet, ect. Because of these interruptions Steven Pinker’s makes it known that all distractions require self-control. If one doesn’t have self control over an issue they will become addicted. Lastly my research wasn’t over. It wouldn’t be right if I didn’t get a third opinion to help provide some extra study. A third writer that I came across was a woman named Sherry Turkle. Sherry Turkle has written a popular novel titled â€Å"Alone Together†. In the novel Alone Together author Sherry Turkle explains a third completely different concern on how technology affects the average American. This concern is in regards to how individuals will end up alone together because technology has distanced face to face relationships. That society expects more from technology and less from each other. Over the years Sherry Turkle has examined how technology has jeopardized the true meaning of hands on communication. Although she does not mention how the internet may interfere with learning or brain capabilities she does still presents other exceptionally important factors. In conclusion, in comparison of the two primary articles that I researched I would ultimately have to agree with the Nicholas Carr piece. I feel as if the Nicholas Carr piece will convince more people. His article compared to Steven Pinker’s has a lot of legitimate studies and facts. His studies included one conducted at Cornell University, where they conducted the laptop experience, which compared the effect of students who studied utilizing the traditional method of the library and those who studied using the laptop for research, with the conclusion that those who studied using the library grades were higher; studies from Stanford where they conducted a multi-tasking trial, also, studies from the University of California in San Francisco where they conducted a brain experiment. Where, Steven Pinker’s article comes off as an opinion piece with little to no background information or supporting references. I would want to believe that the mind is in fact over mass media but Steven Pinker’s article doesn’t defend his title strongly at all. Thus, leaving me with the conclusion that the internet is a major distraction, can hinder how I use my brain properly, and can jeopardize my in person communication skills that I have available.

Cultural Context & Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cultural Context & Design - Essay Example f the ad design, not only can the careful observer learn much about the company, but can also assess how the advertisement is impacting or contributing to the general thought and behavior of society. This examination of the signs of a given advertisement is what Roland Barthes referred to as semiotic analysis. This process of looking at an advertisement for its deeper cultural meanings and associations enables us to gain a better understanding of the relationship that develops between the product or the advertiser and the viewer or consumer. After examining a little bit about what Roland Barthes meant by semiotic analysis, this process will be applied to two advertisements as an illustration of the process. Roughly speaking, semiotics refers to the process of analyzing the ‘signs’ of a given culture for indications of meaning at varying levels. â€Å"Semiology therefore aims to take in any system of signs, whatever their substance and limits; images, gestures, musical sounds, objects, and the complex associations of all these, which form the content of ritual, convention or public entertainment: these constitute, if not languages, at least systems of signification† (Barthes, 1964). Perhaps appropriate to the application of semiotic analysis to the field of advertising, philosopher Umberto Eco refers to it as â€Å"a discipline for studying everything which can be used in order to lie† (1976). Thus, it refers to language, image, color, shape, expression, placement and a number of other contextual clues that combine together in some unique way so as to convey a sense of meaning to a particular cultural group. To discuss these various elements, Barthes and other s have provided us with specific terms that help to keep things within an understandable framework. The primary elements that will be concentrated on in this study include signifiers, signified and sign. The sign is the compound element formed by the signifier and the signified. The signifier is

Innovative Organisations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Innovative Organisations - Case Study Example In this paper, the author presents the characteristics of innovations of General Electric (GE). The presentation includes history of GE, innovation characteristics of GE, the most innovative service of GE and the perspective of how the author can contribute to the innovations of GE. Thomas Edison established the Edison General Electric Company in 1890. The series of innovations in GE started from the founder himself who invented one of the greatest products of this age - the electric lamp. In 1892, the Edison General Electric Company merged with their competition Thomson-Houston Company amidst common interests to for the "General Electric Company". The GE Global research still honours the heritage, legacy & dignity of Edison in their R&D activities (http://www.ge.com/company/history/edison.html). In the modern business world, GE has a wide range of products in the fields of lighting, electrical distribution, renewable energy, aviation, healthcare, business & consumer finance, Oil & Gas, water treatment & processing, railroads, media & entertainment and security (http://www.ge.com/products_services/index.html). In the area of process innovations, GE is one of the first companies of the world to implement Six Sigma successfully. Goldstein, Mark (2001. pp37, 39) a Six Sigma consultant comments that the foundations of this best practice that was implemented in GE Appliances in 1995 (and later on rolled out to the rest of GE Company by year 2000 as per the target set by Jack Welch) is yet to be seen in any other organization. GE proved that best practices cannot be adopted for the name sake rather the fundamental commitment to them by virtue of the foundations of innovative culture makes the difference. GE thrilled the entire world by demonstrating the level of value addition that they could achieve to their top line and bottom line - that means increased revenues at reduced costs. It is the sound fundamentals of innovative business processes of GE that has ensured them to be in profit even in these tough times. At the end of financial year 2008, GE has built an overall market cap of $105 bill ion with Price/Earnings ratio at 5.60, Price/Sales ratio at 0.58, Price/Book ratio at 1.0 and Price/Cash Flow ratio of 3.6. The return on equity achievement was 16.60, return on assets was 2.20 and Return on investment as 4.0. Except Price per book that is evaluated in most recent quarter, all other figures published are trailing twelve months (http://money.cnn.com/quote/snapshot/snapshot.htmlsymb=GE). The net income of GE in 2005, 2006, 2007 & 2008 is $16.72 Billion, $20.742 Billion, $22.20 Billion and $17.41 Billion respectively (http://money.cnn.com/quote/financials/financials.htmlsymb=GE&sid=2148&report=2& period=1). The company presented impressive financial performance in the markets amidst global financial turmoil. The strength of GE has been built as a result of their remarkable contribution to the mankind that has changed the lives of people and the global economies as whole. GE has a major financial services business that is going to pose trouble to the overall organization given the turbulent times in the current scenario and the questions

Gender and Sexual Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender and Sexual Studies - Essay Example This essay demonstrates that academic literature on indigenous family violence indicates that men were permitted to hit their wives and children. On the other hand, it was rare for a woman to hit a man, no matter how much wrong a man commits. Any form of punishment meted out to men was determined and exercised by community â€Å"elders† who mediated most family issues (Vheim, 2013:39). The question as to why men were allowed to judge and prosecute women so quickly while their transgressions were judged by â€Å"high courts† is another grey area that creates confusion in the everyday understanding of gender violence issues (Otto, 2013:26). In retrospect, it is important to consider that societies have always been patriarchal in nature; there are little or no documented examples of matriarchal societies. Modern thinking, although it accepts that society is still patriarchal, has been geared towards creating a balance between genders or a sense of balance that insinuates equality. For example, contemporary everyday understanding holds that all children, regardless of their genders, must be given equal opportunities to access education and other basic services (Otto, 2013:29). However, academic literature on indigenous family violence postulates that men and women are unequal from childhood, with young girls being inferior to boys and therefore second-class citizens when it comes to access to any privileges. The evolution of mentalities has created two perspectives on gender issues that oppose each other (Vheim, 2013:37). The first world is that informed by academic literature on indigenous gender issues, and the second is that informed by modern views on gender issues.

Meaning of Socratess Claim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Meaning of Socratess Claim - Essay Example The essay "Meaning of Socrates’s Claim" analyzes Socrates's statement, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† which is a clear representation of the deeply principled arguments that are rooted in philosophical life. In order for one to fully comprehend one’s self, relative to the world, it is pertinent that self-examination and self-questioning of one’s life and its foundations. In the case that one chooses not to examine one’s life, they relinquish critical thinking and remain ignorant to their own though process, behaviors, and emotions (Rudebusch). This creates a situation where individuals become merely a passive receiver of experience as opposed to an engage and active exegetist of experience. At the individual level, one has to fundamentally question the very foundations' values that one has inherited from society so as to critically analyze the validity of the basis or foundations of these norms and cultures (Strauss). This requires the deconstructing all the values that one holds, stripping them down to the source, purpose, advantages and disadvantages of the given value. Depending on the conclusion of these results, the value, norm and/or culture can either be discarded, modified or upheld as it was initially. When one lives an unexamined life at the social level, they have no one to observe the individual’s evolutionary process. This is the isolation of man that is damaging to experience. This is because man is naturally tuned to socialize and interact with members of his/her own species.

How the Global Warming Affect the U.S. Economy Essay

How the Global Warming Affect the U.S. Economy - Essay Example of â€Å"Global Warming† on the economy of the United States has draw near to prominently diverse finale concerning the economic effects of global warming. The range of climatic changes including soaring sea levels, regular hurricanes and unfortunate events of excessive weather shift have tremendously affected the infrastructure and the natural atmosphere of US leading the economy towards downward in addition with pushing the government and nation to witness the bursting spectrum of huge costs accrued due to the repeated atmospheric disruption. Novel researches reveal that if the continuation of the present â€Å"climatic changes† occurs than the US has to bear an additional costs which will in turn can soar up to as sky-scraping as 3.5 % of the GDP. As per the experts, the four global warming impacts i.e. hurricane, real estate losses, energy costs, and water costs are estimated to cost approximately 1.8 % of U.S. GDP or by the year 2100 it can increase just about $2.1 trillion annually moreover, the same research reveals that instantaneous implementation of the dynamic â€Å"climate protection policies† may possibly restrict the temperature amplification up to an extent of â€Å"2 °F† and eradicate over 50% of the damage costs. The â€Å"costs† of global warming are identified to have a mass effect on the US economy as alteration in farm output, civic health expenditures and infrastructure losses are some of the monetary consuming effects of â€Å"Global Warming† which comes with well -defined penalties. The estimated damage costs of the largest disaster â€Å"Hurricane Katrina† in the U.S. history is valued at $81.2 billions in addition with a officially claimed death toll of 1,836 and reported missing of more than 1000 people which is absolutely double value of the previous storms witnessed by this great country. The disaster had affected the crops leading to price rise of food items and impacted electric supply leaving nearly 3 million people suffer for the adequate

Literature Review Saudi Stock Market Research Paper - 1

Literature Review Saudi Stock Market - Research Paper Example In most cases, this volatility is caused by unavoidable risks. It is therefore not surprising that any investor would want to anticipate the amount of unavoidable risks they are exposed to. As such, the Saudi Arabian stock market has been of great interest to economic researchers. Factors that affect volatility will also be referred to as market influencers in this paper. Studying market influencers will promote the market as a viable opportunity to external investors and globalize the securities for better market performance. This means market stability (Ibp Usa & USA International Business Publications, 2005). Despite being exposed to major turbulent and market-moving events, the Saudi Arabian stock market has shown tremendous improvements. A reflection of this can be seen in the share price movements and the flourishing economy. The peak of this performance was in February 2006, but this was affected by the severe global and economic downturn in the late 2008. Another factor that fuelled this backdrop was the unprecedented unrest in the Middle East during almost the same period. The market has however shown improvements in the past several years to become one of the best in the region. In an attempt to study the market stability and progression of the Saudi Arabian stock market, several researches were done. While some research has focused on the quantitative and qualitative data, others have focused on external influences and comparisons made against stock markets in a bid to explain the performance of the Saudi Arabian stock market. Stock market indexes of specific companies in that country are used for purposes of this study. Consequential studies have unearthed that the Saudi Arabian stock market has distinct and clear cut differences with other markets. Firstly, the shares are traded through commercial banks. Secondly is the absence of bourse makers and thirdly is the liquid characteristic of the market (Mohamed, 2010). Both

Economic Impacts Essay Example for Free

Economic Impacts Essay The Attack on the World Trade Centre in Manhattan had happened on September 11, 2001. The attack had led to the destruction of numerous buildings and lost of lives. This had greatly affected not only the citizens of the United States. The incident had also affected the economy of the country. According to the report of Mr. George Kahn (2001) , the vice-president   and economist of Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas, US economic growth had already slowed dramatically. Based on the experiences in the year 1996 to 1999, a growth in the GDP has been experienced. It is only logical to think that GDP will continue to rise in the next few years. However, Real GDP has slowed to a 2.8% rate of growth last year. Unemployment had moved down from 3.9% in th year 2000 to 4.9% in August. The slowdown in the economy had led to unexpected increase in energy prices and re-evaluation of the prospects for corporate earnings. Prices in the stock market have been affected, and consumer spending began to slow down. In early September, prices on energy began to stabilize and consumer spending had hold-up. Although manufacturing activity continued to decline but in a slower rate as compared to what happened in the early part of the year. However, this has all changed after the attack in September 11. 2001. Looney (2002) has used categories to differentiate the different economic impacts of the attack in the United States. His categories were based on two types. First is the nature of the impact and second is the length of time the economy has affected the country. In this paper, the author would use the length of time the impact has on the economy. These effects would be divided into three parts: The short-term impact, the medium-term impact and the long-term impact. Short-term impacts of the economy can be further categorized into two. These are the immediate short-term direct impact and the immediate short-term indirect impact. Looney (2002) had enumerated several short-term impacts after the September 11, 2001 attack. For the immediate short-term direct impact, it was stated that Lower Manhattan of New York had lost an approximate of 30% of its office space because of the attack. Reports stated that an estimate of 200,000 were destroyed or relocated out of New York City. Estimated cost of destruction of physical assets in businesses amounts to $ 14Billion for private business, $ 1.7Billion for the local and state assets and $ 0.8Billion for federal enterprises. Rescue, cleanup operations and other cost related to these two is approximately $11 Billion. Total direct costs as computed by Looney (2002) in the article, is estimated to be at around $27.2 Billion. However, Mr. Alan Hevesi, had considered other factors that was not included in the article of Robert Looney. Hevesi (2001) considered the lost of human capital which is estimated to be at $11 billion. These are the lives of the workers who had been killed during the attack. This figure is based on the expected earnings during the personâ€⠄¢s remaining work life. Indirect short term impacts of the attack are the following: Consensus forecast for the GDP growth of the US economy is lowered by 0.5 percentage points in the year 2001 and 1.2 percentage points in the year 2002. Implied projected cumulative lost from the attack up to the year 2003 is estimated to be half a trillion dollars. Private sector investments went down the same with their inventory levels. The attack had shown the government that an additional investment is needed for the security of the country. It is estimated that an increase of 9.25% in defense spending was used by the government. Firms such as security and information technology had increase in demand. Federal Reserve had lowered the price of credit and and temporarily liquidated their assets to safeguard the integrity of the financial system and save businesses from bankruptcy. Aside from the impacts stated above by Looney (2002), Hevesi included factors such as disabilities and trauma to be at $3Billion, business interruption, training and liability losses to be at $21 Billion, Net Lost Rents of $ 1.05 Billion from both the damaged and destroyed buildings and Lost wages which amounts to $9.6 Billion In the medium term, Looney had defined several sectors that had been affected by the attacks. Five areas were highlighted on his report and these are the Insurance, Airlines, Tourism and other service industries, Shipping, and Defense. Losses of the Insurance industry are estimated to be at $30 to $58 Billion. These losses are the highest record in the history of the country. Primary insurers have increased their premiums and dropped their coverages for terrorism related risk, this in turn had affected other key industries. Strongest impacts of the insurance were seen in the aviation, tourism, transportation, construction and energy generation sectors. Commercial property and liability insurance rates have been raised by 30% on the average. The terrorist had used airplanes in order to trigger the attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This had lead in putting the aviation industry in a weak position. An estimate of 20% decrease on the service orders had been ecperienced by airlines. Government support and airline passenger traffic was below normal and an estimate of 100,000 layoffs has been announced. Employment opportunities which were normally up in October and November fell by 80,000 or an estimate of 8% from the expected. Another sector that has been greatly affected is the tourism and service sector. These include hotels, tours, automobile rentals, travel agencies, and civilian aircraft manufacturers. As stated by Looney (2002), hotels have reported higher vacancy rates and employment in the sector as a whole fell by 58,000 in October and November. Relative Equity Values declined by 15%. Preliminary report of Fiscal Policy Institute in New York (2001) included attendance of people in the Broadway theatres had also decreased.. The Shipping sector was in a way affected by the attack, Maritime shipping rates had increased from 5 to 10 percent on average in the two weeks after the attack. Relative stability of freight rates ,despite the decrease in fuel costs and under-utilized capacity of the ships implied that transportation cost had increased because of the attacks Defense sector had experienced a significant increase on security-related programs in the budget for the year 2003. An additional budget of $48Billion was proposed for national defense. Homeland security budget was also increased from $20 Billion in 2001 to $38 Billion in 2002. An enhancement on the training of first responders which are the fireman, police and rescue workers were done, total preparation amounted to $8 Billion for domestic defense spending. The Fiscal Policy Institute or FPI (2001) included in their report losses on advertising because after the attacks commercial runs on television networks were cut down. FPI (2001) had estimated that there would be a 1,000 reduction in advertising employment and a 3% drop of revenues would be experienced by the advertising sector. Looney (2002), enumerated five effects in the   economy. These effects are higher operating costs, higher level of inventories, higher risk premium, Shift of resources t the military defense, and the shift away from globalization. As stated above, several increase in spending for defense had been experienced by the country, and higher insurance premiums were also done in the industry.   The attacks and also led to longer wait for time activities because several sectors and consumers are already cautious. These three reasons had led economist to say that higher operating costs maybe experienced by the industries in the country. Since businesses had been interrupted because of the attacks, several companies were not able to resume immediately. Businesses may be required to hold larger inventories at scale for fear that their suppliers may not be able to give the materials that they needed on time. An evidence on these was shown in the article of Looney wherein the auto industry production was interrupted because availability   of components were not immediately shipped out because of the delays in the crossing of the US-Canada Borders. The attack may have lead investors to avoid risking their money in businesses. As a result, higher risk premiums may be passed on to businesses in the form of higher interest rates, and lower equity prices. This could also lead to lower equity prices, business investment lowering and smaller capital stocks. The attack had been a terrorism activity. In response to this issue, the government would most likely divert their attention in strengthening the country’s defense through the military. Many resources may be diverted to military use. Research and Development Resources can be also shifted to concentrate on the development of new devices to thwart terrorism activities. Since there had been interruption in the cross-borders of the country, investors may think twice in investing abroad and concentrate on domestic investments. During this time, the â€Å"anthrax† scare is already being shown in the media. Several investors and the government may have taken this into consideration as such higher cost could be experienced because the businesses and the government would closely inspect items going in and out of the country. In the Chicago GSB magazine, the authors have included economic recovery for the country. According to Kevin Murphy, part of the debate team, expected recovery of the economy may occur within 15 months after the attack. Measured loss in the economy is estimated to be at 0.6% of the total asset of the country. Judging from the percentage of economic loss, the percentage shows a very minimal figure. Gary S. Becker, another part of the team had also stated that the country had retained basically all the human capital prior to the attack and because of this, the US economy would recover fully. It has been 6 years since the attack of the terrorist in the United States. Prior to the attack the economy of the country is already in the decline stage and this had been accelerated by the attack in the World Trade Center. Although the attack had greatly affected the economy, it is necessary to think on the before situation of the country because that situation had also affected the impact of the attack. The economy of the United States had already recovered since then, however, same security measures are still being by the country to address the issue of terrorism.

Humanities Paper Essay Example for Free

Humanities Paper Essay Humanities is a topic that has so many wide-ranged meaning in regards to historical literature and arts. After conducting much needed research on the topic at hand, the author will discuss their informational findings in a research paper. In this paper, the author will define the meaning of humanities, discuss a cultural event that has been experienced such as music, dance, theater, art, literature, etc. The author will then elaborate on how a particular event was an expression of what he/she knew about the humanities, art, style, genius, and culture of the time  period it represents. Finally the author will explain how the selected form of cultural expression compares with other forms he/she know about from the same time period. Hopefully after reading this paper, the audience will have a better knowledge about Humanities in the Past, Present, and Future. Humanities Humanities can be very abroad, but one of the meanings of humanities, according to the American Heritage Dictionary, is â€Å"Those branches of knowledge, such as philosophy, literature, and art, that are concerned with human thought and culture; the liberal arts† (American  Dictionary, 2000). Culture is a big part of humanities. These patterns, traits, and products are considered as the expressions of a particular period, class, community, or population (American heritage dictionary, 2000). Humanities has really helped paved the way for future endeavors such as the way we think, conduct ourselves, and the way we observe things. Select a cultural event you have experienced, such as music, dance, theater, art, literature, or others. 3 Defining the Humanities Paper Growing up in Louisiana, I have had the honor and pleasure of experiencing many  cultural events, but I must say my favorite cultural experience would have to be music. Music is one of the many ways I could escape from the turmoil in the world. In high school I was in the choir and my favorite instrument at the time was the piano. I use to lead the choir and sometimes, I was able to perform a solo piece while playing my piano. This was a great experience for me because I had an outlet to express myself without even speaking. My high school choir had the honor of performing at a nursing home in St. Francisville where there were a lot of singers,  ex-musicians, and dancers who were in the choir and performed around Louisiana just like my school. They really enjoyed our performance and they shared great stories about the times when they were in high school in the choir, and how music has changed since their days of playing music. Explain how your selected event was an expression of what you know about the humanities, art, style, genius, and culture of the time period it represents. I learned so much about the expression of humanities just by listening to the older  individuals talk about their experiences and the different ways they made music. They did not have the use of different instruments like we have now back in their day. These individuals made music with whatever they had and enjoyed every minute of it. They also expressed their concerns about the schools eliminating the music programs, they feel that they are taking â€Å"art† and â€Å"freedom of expression† away from our youth in the schools. Discuss how your selected form of cultural expression compares with other forms  you know about from the same time period. 4 Defining the Humanities Paper By listening to the elderly individuals at the nursing home it really gave me some insight on the cultural expression I chose which was â€Å"Music†. It showed me just by listening to each of them that music was relevant just as much then as it is now. They just had a different way of making music and expressing themselves while doing so. They made music with cups, buckets, washboards, keys, and anything that made some kind of noise. In today’s society, we now have  advanced technology which allows each one of us to have access to different instruments, such as the piano, guitar, drums, etc. Although the elderly individuals did not have access to the instruments we have today, they still appreciated what they had. Conclusion In conclusion, after conducting research on the topic at hand, the author discussed their informational findings. The author defined the meaning of humanities, discussed a cultural event that was experienced such as music, dance, theater, art, literature, etc. The author then elaborated on how a particular event was an expression of what he/she knew about the humanities, art, style, genius, and culture of the time period it represents. Finally the author explained how the selected form of cultural expression compares with other forms that he/she knew about from the same time period. Hopefully after reading this paper, the audience now have a better knowledge about Humanities in the Past, Present, and Future. 5 Defining the Humanities Paper Reference www. ahdictionary. com/.

Overview of the Imclone case

Overview of the Imclone case The ImClone case is about insider trading. Here is the background information regarding the case. Sam and Harlan Waksal started ImClone in 1984. From there, in 1993, the brothers purchased the rights to the molecule C225. The molecule was discovered by Dr. John Mendelsohn at the University of California San Diego. C225 is an anti-cancer drug that can distinguish between cancerous cells and healthy cells. C225 would be able to shrink cancer to a surgically removable size. C225 would later be given the brand name Erbitux. In May of 2000, Sam Waksal presents the case of Shannon Kellum at the American Society of Clinical Oncology. It was demonstrated that grapefruit sized tumors would be shrunk to the size of peas and then surgically removed. A year later in September 2001, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. agrees to buy a 20 percent stake in the company and for the rights to sell the cancer drug Erbitux in the U.S. and Canada. The tender offer valued ImClone at $70.00 per share. On December 12 of 2001 ImClone and Bristol-Meyers meet with FDA on Erbitux, their last meeting with regulators before receiving official news the FDA would not review Erbitux. The FDA had concerns about Erbitux. December 26, 2001 Waksal received a tip from his brother Harlan, that the FDA would reject the Erbitux application and the tried to sell 79,797 shares of ImClone. He was unable to complete the sale due to two different brokerages refusing to issue sale orders. The next day family and close friends of Sam Waksal sell almost $3 million worth of stock, including Sams daughter Aliza and home style guru Martha Stewart, a friend of Sam Waksal. The stock closes at $58.30. On December 28, 2001, ImClone announces that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration reject the application for Erbitux, saying the drug did not satisfy requirements. The stock begins a precipitous decline taking it down to the high teens. On Jan 25, 2002, the U.S. Securities and Exchange commission and the Justice Department launch probe into ImClone and Waksal. Feb 14, 2002 Waksal notifies the Securities and Exchange Commission for the first time of 50 trades he made in ImClone stock going back as far as 1992. These transactions should have been reported within months. A few months later, Sam Waksal is arrested on charges he illegally acted on insider information in selling ImClone and by telling family members to do the same. By August Sam Waksal, already charged with insider trading, is indicted for obstruction of justice and bank fraud in a case that has rocked investors confidence. Waksal is accused of pledging ImClone securities he no longer owned to secure a $44 million loan and forging the signature of ImClones general counsel to fool the bank into believing he still owned the securities. By August 14, 2002, ImClone sued Sam Waksal, claiming Waksal ordered the destruction of documents that may be important in a government investigation into the company. The Imclone scandal is one of many scandals that show what can happen to a company if wrong and unlawful decisions are made. In this paper I will identify and define the ethical problems violated by certain employees at Imclone, which in part led to the scandal and imprisonment of several people. The first ethical problem and most obvious one to identify in this scandal is insider trading. Illegal insider trading involves, â€Å"trading in a security (buying or selling a stock) based on material information that is not available to the general public† (Reh, 2010). This specifically means having certain information that the general public does not have either from inside sources or by being an insider. This would give people privileged information in order to help them make a financial decision. It is prohibited by the Security Exchange Commission because, â€Å"it is unfair and would destroy the securities markets by destroying investor confidence† (Reh, 2010). The stock market is driven by fair practices and confidence that the â€Å"man on the street† can have access to the same public information a corporate analyst has access to. The following examples describe instances of insider trading that have been reported to the SEC: â€Å"Corporate officers, directors, and employees who traded the corporations securities after learning of significant, confidential corporate developments† (Astarita, 2010). â€Å"Friends, business associates, family members, and other tippers of such officers, directors, and employees, who traded the securities after receiving such information† (Astarita, 2010). â€Å"Other persons who misappropriated, and took advantage of, confidential information from their employers† (Astaria, 2010). These are just a few examples of illegal insider trading and similarly describe what took place at Imclone with CEO, Sam Waksal. Sam discovered inside information that would lead to a drop in the companys stock. Now, knowing and acting are two different things when it comes to insider trading. It is understood that certain people inside a company will know valuable information as regards to its stock going up or down. The criminal and unethical behavior comes when that person tells his friends and family members about that information. This is exactly what Sam Waksal did and this is what got him and the company into some major trouble. Most public companies will limit the number of people who have access to the inside information. This is done to decrease the likelihood of insider trading. However, even if you have a small number of people on the inside, it will ultimately come down to the individual and the ethical standards to which they live their life by. It only took one man to start the insider trading scandal, and thats not even all he did. Two other ethical problems that were indirectly related to Imclone involved Sam Waksal and his own personal ethics. His attempts at forgery and tax fraud did not hurt the company per sea, but helped confirm the type of unethical CEO that he was. Forgery can be defined as, â€Å"the act or legal offense of imitating or counterfeiting documents, signatures, works of art, etc. to deceive† (Websters, 2009). This basically means falsifying something with the intent of misleading others so that you may appear to have done something truthful. With regards to ImClones CEO, it was reported that Sam Waksal forged a signature of the companys general counsel, John Landes, in a statement pledging ImClone stocks in order to obtain money in loans from Bank of America. This was†¦. Fraud can be defined as, â€Å"something said or done to deceive† (Websters, 2009). Another definition, and one that more closely identifies personal ethics defines fraud as a, â€Å"person who deceives or who is not what he or she pretends to be; a cheat† (Websters 2009). Regarding Sam Waksals personal morality, he failed to pay sixty million dollars in personal income taxes on certain stock grants given to him by ImClone. He pretended for a long time to have paid these, when in reality he had not. It was only a matter of time until his fraudulent actions finally caught up with him. As you can see, any one of the previous ethical problems can bring companies to scandalous ruin. What we see in all three of the problems is one man who decided to behave unethically. That is all it takes and that is why ethics is so important; especially for the men at the top. Imclone employees and associates are clearly in violation of numerous laws and multiple ethical principles. One would think that a scandal involving accounting fraud and insider trading would not only damage a company initially, but result in long term detriment to the organization. There is a significant and gradual decline in the â€Å"shame on you† perception of the general public, as is evidenced by the most recent financial transactions of the company. Even with the barrage of media attention to the Imclone scandal, ethical attitudes appear to change over time. Martha Stewart, the homemaker tycoon, was charged with and convicted of insider trading involving Imclone. She held numerous shares of Imclone stock and sold all holdings the day before the announcement from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that they would not approve Imclones drug, Erbitux, for cancer treatment. Predictably, shares of Imclone stock dropped significantly the day of the announcement. Martha Stewart sold all shares at fifty eight dollars per share and saved a predicted $40,000 by selling all holdings before the fall. Stewart claimed that she had a â€Å"verbal order† to sell all holdings if the stock dropped below $60 per share. However, one day before the announcement from the FDA, while she was traveling on her charted jet to Mexico for vacation, Stewart placed a phone call that lasted approximately eleven minutes to her stockbroker. Shortly thereafter, he sold all of her holdings. The next day the announcement was made and the rest as they say is history. Martha Stewart, not Imclone, seems to be the one who received the most lasting negative impact from this scandal. MSO stock traded at a high of about $16 per share prior to the insider trading scandal. Once Martha Stewart was indicted and later convicted, MSO stock dropped to less than $8 per share. Currently, MSO stock is trading around $5 per share. In 2002, Imclone shares fell as low as $5.85 per share. Imclones drug Erbitux was eventually approved and posted sales of 1.3 billion in 2007. In 2008, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company tendered an offer to purchase Imclone for $60 per share. Ironically, this is almost the same price point where Martha Stewart dumped her stock before the fall in 2001. Eli Lilly tendered an offer in 2009 for $70 per share, which totaled approximately $6.5 billion. The offer was approved and Eli Lilly purchased Imclone. Multiple players crossed ethical boundaries during the Imclone scandal. These include individual investors (Stewart), Imclone senior leadership and stockbrokers. They knew what they were doing before they did it and they got caught. Martha Stewart is one of the principal reasons that this case got so much media attention. The Imclone scandal alone was not really that newsworthy nor was it much different than the multitude of other financial scandals during the early years after 2000. We have Mrs. Stewart to thank for bringing this to the forefront of America. For the business world, and the American Public in particular, the Imclone ordeal serves as an example of deceit, greed, insider trading and scandal. It also proves that if you knowingly choose to break the law, and if you get caught, the government will prosecute and you could serve time in prison. If you do not think it could happen to you, just ask Martha Stewart.

Richard II in William Shakespeare Essay -- Hero Richard II Shakespeare

Richard II in William Shakespeare The plays of William Shakespeare are generally easy to categorize, and the heroes of these plays are equally so. However, in the history play Richard II, Shakespeare’s king is more ambiguous than Hamlet or Romeo– there is no clear cut answer to whether Richard II is a tragic hero... or simply a tragedy. Historically, Richard II was crowned at a very young age, forced into the role of monarch, and thrust without hesitation into the murky world of political intrigue, which perhaps lends his character sympathy because he had no choice in his fate. However, despite his forced role in life, Richard II seems to rely on the concept of divine right to secure his throne, making no effort to sustain it once it is â€Å"irrevocably† his. Richard II is both the tragic hero and the tragedy– simply playing the role of King for the majority of the play, but only coming into his own after he is deposed, and only then to fight for his own existence. From the beginning of the play, Richard II is apathetic at best in his royal role. By exiling Bolingbroke and...

Discuss Stevenson’s portrayal of the dual nature of man’s personality :: English Literature:

Discuss Stevenson’s portrayal of the dual nature of man’s personality in the novel: Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel â€Å"The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† was deeply influenced by a number of diverse factors. Stevenson came from a family with a history of lawyers, doctors and other similar professions. His nanny was a very devoted Christian and from a young age used to teach him wrong from right. The novel was based on a nightmare he had and he constructed it from there. Another factor is Darwin’s theory of evolution; in â€Å"The origin of species† published in 1859 in it he states that men are descended from apes. Another factor which very much influenced Stevenson’s portrayal of the duality of man was Sigmund Freud’s psychological theory. laws. According to Freud, we are all born with our own id, an important part of our personality because it allows us to get our basic needs met. Freud believed that the id is based on our pleasure principle. In other words, the id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. A good example of this is a baby; the id is dominant in his personality, when he wants food, it cries. During the Victorian era however people found it very hard to believe these theories as they went against natural In the novel Dr. Jekyll is like an ego the outer part of you which everyone sees and Mr. Hyde is like the id the part of us we all try to suppress as it is unacceptable in society. When the id wants something, nothing else is important. The novel â€Å"The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† was published in 1886 during the Victorian times. It was originally intended as a frightening Christmas tale. The protagonist in this novel is a man who has a dual identity. The title "Jekyll and Hyde" sounds like seek and hide which might indicate what the story is about and why those characters have those names. Perhaps Stevenson advocates that throughout the book a game of hide and seek is being played this creates a feeling of mystery and suspense and the reader is continually captivated. Dr Jekyll created Mr. Hyde in his somewhat warped view that the soul is made up of two separate divisions: the good and the bad his mission was to find a drug that separates the two so that they two do not have to live in constant competition. We can tell that Stevenson used Freud’s ideas in when he says; â€Å"The man is Discuss Stevenson’s portrayal of the dual nature of man’s personality :: English Literature: Discuss Stevenson’s portrayal of the dual nature of man’s personality in the novel: Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel â€Å"The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† was deeply influenced by a number of diverse factors. Stevenson came from a family with a history of lawyers, doctors and other similar professions. His nanny was a very devoted Christian and from a young age used to teach him wrong from right. The novel was based on a nightmare he had and he constructed it from there. Another factor is Darwin’s theory of evolution; in â€Å"The origin of species† published in 1859 in it he states that men are descended from apes. Another factor which very much influenced Stevenson’s portrayal of the duality of man was Sigmund Freud’s psychological theory. laws. According to Freud, we are all born with our own id, an important part of our personality because it allows us to get our basic needs met. Freud believed that the id is based on our pleasure principle. In other words, the id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. A good example of this is a baby; the id is dominant in his personality, when he wants food, it cries. During the Victorian era however people found it very hard to believe these theories as they went against natural In the novel Dr. Jekyll is like an ego the outer part of you which everyone sees and Mr. Hyde is like the id the part of us we all try to suppress as it is unacceptable in society. When the id wants something, nothing else is important. The novel â€Å"The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† was published in 1886 during the Victorian times. It was originally intended as a frightening Christmas tale. The protagonist in this novel is a man who has a dual identity. The title "Jekyll and Hyde" sounds like seek and hide which might indicate what the story is about and why those characters have those names. Perhaps Stevenson advocates that throughout the book a game of hide and seek is being played this creates a feeling of mystery and suspense and the reader is continually captivated. Dr Jekyll created Mr. Hyde in his somewhat warped view that the soul is made up of two separate divisions: the good and the bad his mission was to find a drug that separates the two so that they two do not have to live in constant competition. We can tell that Stevenson used Freud’s ideas in when he says; â€Å"The man is

The Social and Economic Benefits of an Immigration Reform

Race and Ethnicity in the United States Dr. Carl Paris John Jay College of Criminal Justice Immigration reform has been a cornerstone on the last three presidential campaigns, on Bush's second term and on both of Obama's. It has the power to turn around an election because it would automatically grant the Hispanic vote to the candidate that commits to the best plan.At this moment, an immigration reform would bring great improvement in the economic status of the United States bringing a bigger workforce nd an increase in population that would mean bigger revenue for the government. Along with the economical capacity that approving an immigration reform, it also brings a wave a culture that would enrich the basis of the foundation of the United States, diversity. An immigration reform can open the doors for many professionals that could refresh the ideas of the United States and provide with a different perspective of the solutions out there for the problem we face.An immigrant is defi ned as a person who leaves his home nation and goes to a foreign one, usually ermanently, in search for an improvement. There are a lot of push and pull factors that encourage someone to leave their homeland. Economic difficulties, religious or ethnic persecution and political unrest are some factors that push immigrants from their nations, for example, some immigrants from Syria can flee their country in fear of a civil war pushing them to another country.The perceptions of a better life ahead or a desire to Join their family abroad are factors that pull immigrants to other nations, for example, a Mexican immigrant that leaves her country to reunite with her usband in the united states now that he has established himself better . The economic status in the United States is a shaky one at this moment. The government has had to force itself into shutdowns because they cannot come to an agreement on how to invest tax money more efficiently.This in turn affects the vast population of t he country, which is composed of the middle and lower classes. Budget cuts have been made that affect public assistance programs, schools and national agencies and security. The unemployment rate continues to be above 7% without any signs of going below that and it ncreases to 1 % tor people between the ages ot 1 There are over 40 million immigrants according to the Census in 2010, plus an estimate of 12 million undocumented immigrants that reside in the United States without proper documents.Each fall down on one of these three categories: naturalized citizens, foreign-born people who went through a congress mandated process to become a citizen of the united states; travel/working visa holders, foreign- born who undergo a process predetermined by their nations to be able to travel outside of their country; an undocumented immigrant; people who gain access not hrough the proper measures of the law, like crossing the border without papers or overstaying their visas, and are, therefor e, breaking it. All of the people above have one goal in mind and is to provide a better life for themselves and the people they care about.This aspect of life, immigration, has been the cornerstone for many civilizations in the past and it still remains as such. Such a high rate of immigration has been due to the great chain immigration. The first people who immigrate pave the roads for those who follow, usually family members. They in turn tell the next group who come and so on. The current immigrant population is composed of Latinos from South America and the Caribbean and Asia along with traces of Europe and the Middle East. Illegal immigration poses a problem to United States and its people.Millions of illegal immigrants are â€Å"taking† the Jobs where an American could have thrived and are getting paid less for it and therefore are desirable to business owners. Also, being that these immigrants are undocumented they are evading tax collection, which hinders the country . Something must be done to prevent this. There is a list of measures being taken right now. Most are highly inefficient and costly; hey may even be on of the reason why our economy is dwindling. One of them is that federal officials trying to track the nearly 12 million undocumented immigrants and the approximately 5 millions who overstayed their visas.This in turn is an impossible task with a highly expensive bill; expensive is not favored by the major public. The search and deportation could cost over a whopping $200 billion, not included the man power of law enforcement that would be used for such a task force diverting them from more important duties. A study by the Bipartisan Policy Center that an immigration reform could carry a 4. percent increase in the United States' economy and reduce the countrys deficit by $1. 2 trillion in a period of 20 years . Opening the doors for immigrants could help the United States attract individuals with proper skills.These incoming people, h ard-working as they are, would not be taking Jobs from the non-immigrant American as common speculation suggest. Instead, they would man the positions that no one else wants like cleaning toilets in a hotel or picking fruits in the agricultural field. Immigrants do not compete against the native-born American for Jobs instead they complement each other because mmigrants take the low-paying Jobs that American would reject or not apply to. An increase in population would mean a larger contribution to government revenue, which can be used to fund programs for better education and protect our nation more efficiently.An increase in government revenue can also alleviate the tax percentage that an individual pays back to the IRS. Immigrants that come from with enough resources can establish small businesses and create Jobs. By the increase of diversity, there will be an increase in consumer market. The bigger the population means the higher the demand. Higher demands mean higher production ot itterent goods and services allowing the way for businesses, big and small, to grow and thrive. Immigration is one of the aspects that have greatly shaped the United States for over 400 years.

Childhood Practices Identify Holistic Development Education Essay

Children develop cognitive accomplishments and linguistic communication accomplishments from engagement in humanistic disciplines activities Humanistic disciplines in school undertakings, 1990. For illustration, development of mathematical construct may be incorporated in music and art where kids learn about sequence, place, forms and forms ( Booth, 1982 as cited by Kolbe, 1991 ) . Children may necessitate to understand the sequence of events to associate to the beats of the musical instruments when utilizing musical instruments to re-enact the sound of air current as in the narrative of three small hogs. As for art in relation to devising of marionettes, kids may larn about forms and places. Language development may be incorporated in play when kids express their ideas verbally, for illustration, when they are asked for words to depict the characters in the narratives. Humanistic disciplines instruction contributes to the affectional development in that it helps kids to develop emotions and virtuousnesss ( Humanistic disciplines in school undertakings, 1990 ; Winston, 2010 ) . Through narratives and play, kids may develop understanding on moral values. The narrative of the three small hogs concludes with the three small hogs populating together in the brick house and the large bad wolf is killed. Children may derive some apprehension on the value of caring and sharing, diligence and besides that the bad will be punished. By playing games and puppetry with friends, kids learn to show their ideas and to socialize with others. Children communicate through assorted ways, such as verbal linguistic communication, organic structure looks, gestures, drawings or sound, which may be regarded as symbolic representations ( Gardner, 1979 as cited in Wright, 1991 ) . As all signifiers of humanistic disciplines may be associated with symbolic representations, instruction through the humanistic disciplines may be one manner where kids learn to associate to each other and besides to the existent universe. Children may utilize representations like drawings or objects to retrace their life experiences so as to do sense of it ( Kolbe, 1991 ) . For illustration, they may pull images of their household members. This in bend help the kid to develop the childaa‚Â ¬a„?s apprehension of himself and relationship to his household. It is in the human nature to play and most activities associating to kids may be seen as drama to them ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . There is no restraints or barriers in drama so kids may be willing to research different functions and thoughts, and as a consequence, they may larn more efficaciously ( Pinciotti, 1993 ) . Humanistic disciplines Education may be equated to a signifier of drama as the activities may be child-initiated and kids derive enjoyment and satisfaction from the procedure of playing ( Dau, 1991 ) . As in drama, kids learn through the procedures of imitation, imaginativeness and command in the humanistic disciplines ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . Harmonizing to Piaget, imitation is a signifier of adjustment. When kids extend on bing cognition through imaginativeness, they may hold assimilated and achieve command of new information ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . This may be in the instance of re-enacting the sound of air current with musical instruments. Children choose the instruments based o n their past experiences and imaginativeness to re-enact the sound they wanted. Humanistic disciplines provide chances for kids to research and polish their accomplishments through these three elements of drama. Furthermore, kids are able to show their ideas through play hence leting it to be a mean of communicating ( Swanwick, 1988 ; Pinciotti, 1993 ) . When kids discuss the character of the wolf, they may be given chances to voice their sentiments on the action of the wolf and therefore advance verbal linguistic communication development. They may besides show their ideas through organic structure motion and gestures during function drama. By working on the facial look and organic structure gestures, kids may larn other agencies of pass oning their ideas. Humanistic disciplines encourage kids to research and work out job ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . Children may necessitate to research ways to do the marionettes and other theoretical accounts. They have to work out on the infinite required and the proportion of the marionettes when pulling them. In this manner, they may larn to associate to spacial and comparative context every bit good as to larn of ways to do the marionettes such that they make sense to others ( Cooke, Griffin & A ; Cox, 1998 ) . Furthermore, it will further childrenaa‚Â ¬a„?s experimental accomplishments and believing procedure ( Kolbe, 1991 ) Children learn to socialize, sympathize with and associate to others from different positions ( Parsons, 1991 ; Pinciotti, 1993 ) . In play, they may hold different readings on the functions and therefore there may be different versions of the characters. As such, the kids may hold to come to an understanding on the thoughts for specifying the characters. Along the manner, they may get dialogue and coaction accomplishments. In the instance of little universe drama, kids may portion thoughts about the stuffs, props and how to utilize them. In making so, they develop communicating and dialogue accomplishments. Puppetry may interrupt down barriers and let kids to show their ideas through playing with finger marionettes. As a consequence, kids may derive new apprehension of the universe as their cognition addition through interaction and coaction ( Pinciotti, 1993 ) . Humanistic disciplines besides help to construct assurance and self-esteem and supply chances for kids to be sociable ( Humanistic disciplines in school undertakings, 1990 ; Parsons, 1991 ) . In the instance of playing games, barriers are broken down and kids tend to be more relax and therefore supplying chances for societal development. For illustration, kids may necessitate to discourse and make up one's mind on which musical instrument best represent the sound consequence they wanted to make. They may be able to derive assurance working in a squad as they have the chances to originate or to take part in treatment. In add-on, humanistic disciplines may promote critical thought and diverseness. As kids portion their ideas on similarities and differences through treatment and action, it helps them to understand and accept differences in sentiments and cut down biass. Through questioning the wolf, where the instructor plays the function, kids may besides larn to analyze the issue from different positions. For illustration, the wolf may reply that it is his sneezing that caused the house to be blown down. This reply may put the kids to believe if the hogs are excessively headlong in their opinion of the wolf. These exercisings may help the kids to compromise and listen to otheraa‚Â ¬a„?s thoughts or accounts when there is struggle. As most humanistic disciplines are open-ended undertakings, there may be many solutions to an issue. As such, it encourages believing and geographic expedition ( Pinciotti, 1993 ) . These can be seen in the assorted ways to construct the houses, kids can experiment with assorted stuffs to do the walls of the houses, like straws, composition boards or pigment. They can besides do different types of houses, like pulling a image of a house or doing a theoretical account of the house. Children may be able to propose new thoughts therefore hiking their assurance. Dramatisation provides an first-class platform for literacy and linguistic communication development. Children may develop their aural accomplishments while listening to the narratives or watching public presentation. They may develop on their unwritten accomplishments when moving or during brainstorming session ( Arts in school undertakings, 1990 ) . Drama is normally done in a group. As such, kids need to interact and associate to their equals to brainstorm on thoughts. By making so, kids learn to be sociable and pick up communicating and dialogue accomplishments ( Humanistic disciplines in school undertakings, 1990 ) . They may derive some penetration of the existent universe, where there are diverse civilizations and differences in thoughts. For illustration, during dramatization of a narrative like the three small hogs, the houses that the three hogs built may non be what the kids expected. In the instance of Singapore, bulk of the kids live in flats. As such, the kids may be involved in an exchange of thoughts about lodging around the universe. By widening a narrative during dramatization, as in the instance of Jack and the beanstalk, kids may be required to see from the position of the elephantine. Jack may be incorrect to take the aureate harp from the giant without permission. Children learn self-denial as they may hold to stay by the regulations they have set for the play. Children may develop a sense of independency as they need to do determinations while working as a squad. They may be able to be confident, initiate treatment or take part in treatment confidently ( Pinciotti, 1993 ) . However, to optimize the childaa‚Â ¬a„?s acquisition, the function of the instructor would be of import to take the kids so as to optimise their acquisition. Humanistic disciplines introduced to kids depend on the expertness and involvement of the instructors ( Humanistic disciplines in school undertakings, 1990 ) . If the instructors are enthusiastic and have positive cognition on the humanistic disciplines, she will be able to actuate the kids to take an involvement in the topic, therefore doing larning in humanistic disciplines more interesting and enlightening. In add-on, most early childhood scenes seem to be take humanistic disciplines instruction as a portion of the course of study instead than to develop the course of study from the humanistic disciplines. Therefore although humanistic disciplines may be of import for the instruction on immature kids, its effectivity may be dependent on the beliefs of the early childhood scenes and instructors.

Daily Routine

Daily Routine TEXT One Day of Peter's life (Story by Peter and Heidi Elliott) I usually manage to be first at waking up — my brother Daniel (he's six) would stay in bed until seven o'clock. Mum can't understand it but it seems obvious to me that this is when the day starts, so why miss the beginning? After a quick warm-up and a chat we creep downstairs to see what's been left around from the night before, although Mum is wise to this and has usually put away anything really interesting.The refrigerator is always a fairly good place to start, and cold rice pudding tastes much better for breakfast than it does for pudding. 1 In fact I've tried most things at this hour, from cold stuffed marrow to raw sausages; some of it isn't recommendable and some of it can get you into a lot of trouble. Anyway, I can always make my own breakfast of cereals with plenty of sugar and not much milk. We made Mum's2 the other day but she didn't like the chopped peppercorns and Oxos3 that we added t o it. Mind you, it didn't look too good.Well, just when we get into a good game, Mum comes down and says that we have to put all the furniture back and get dressed. I always have the last say in what I'm going to wear, which is always jeans and a tee-shirt. I'm just not relaxed if I'm wearing smart trousers. I like a loose jacket and a hat; my old cowboy hat is a bit misshapen but I do not mind that, it seems to put me in the right mood for the day. It's time to take Daniel to school. I really enjoy this trip at the moment because I've got a super little bike which I ride there and back.Well, I don't exactly ride it because both pedals have fallen off and the chain has snapped, so now it's more like a hobby-bike. I use my feet for brakes and propulsion. 4 It works very well and my balance is now so good that I can ride my brother's big bike if someone helps me to get on and off. When we get to Daniel's school I have a race around the playground and annoy a few of Dan's friends befor e the whistle goes, and then, as the trip home is up-hill and rather boring. Mum usually has to give me a push.I generally play then, or visit a friend down the lane whose brother has some super toys, which compensates for the fact that she's a girl. 5 Lunch can vary from day to day because I'm quite fussy about my food. I find it hard to sit still long enough to eat a whole dinner, so sometimes Mum reads a book to me which makes it much more enjoyable, and if the story is very good, I've even been known to eat things that I didn't think I liked. I suppose that the way I spend my day must seem fairly routine to some people, but I like to use it to the full no matter what I'm doing.I do everything with enthusiasm — whether constructing a rocket with bricks or practising gymnastics on the bed or just sliding down the banisters, and I've noticed that people who are older than me don't seem to have half as much fun, so I say that I'm going to enjoy myself for as long as possible. The afternoons are unpredictable. On a fine day I may go swimming or visit a park or the shops. Personally, I think the shops are best, especially the ones with toys in. My mother just doesn't seem to understand that I need them all, anyway I have a good try with as many as I can before getting into trouble with the assistant.Then I move on to the sweets, which I generally get one of. Friends' houses can be a good source of entertainment, although if they haven't got any children it can be a bit frustrating not being allowed to touch anything. Luckily most of mother's friends have got children. The best treat of all, though, is visiting Nanny. 6 She's got much more time to spend on you than parents have and I do all sorts of things there. I have made some very tasty cakes in Nanny's kitchen and she doesn't mind how much mess goes on the floor. 7 I also enjoy gardening with her. She is extremely patient with my pruning efforts. So my afternoons vary until we collect my brother from school at 3. 30. He's not so much fun in the afternoons, but I do a bit of insect searching on the way home and collect any interesting sticks and stones that I think I could use in our small garden. My bedtime is fixed at 7. 30 and to be honest I'm just about ready for it by then. After doing my duty — by eating some tea — I play for a while or watch television. I'm not a TV addict but cartoons I do enjoy9 and my favorite programme is Tarzan. When this is on I strip off to my underpants and really get into the part. I'm fantastically brave. ) I then have a trip down a shark-infested river10 at bath time or practice swimming in the bath, but my room is rather restricted and Mum doesn't appreciate how far I get the water up the wall. 11 So, when the water has got fairly cold, I reluctantly agree to get out and put my pyjamas on. I don't like cleaning my teeth but I do. Mum has to read a book at bedtime: it gives me a few minutes to have a last play and select my favouri te toys before the light goes out. After all, even in my dreams I've had to fight some pretty fierce tigers. Proper NamesDaniel [‘d{[email  protected]] — Tarzan [‘t? z{n] — Vocabulary Notes 1. †¦ than it does for pudding — †¦ . 2. †¦ we made Mum's the other day — . 3. Oxos —  «Ã‚ » (. : ) 4. I use my feet for brakes and propulsion. — ? ? . 5. †¦ visit a friend down the lane whose brother has some super toys, which compensates for the fact that she's a girl. — †¦ ? , ; ? , ? ? , — . . Nanny — : (. : ?  «Ã‚ »). 7. She doesn't mind how much mess goes on the floor. — , . 8. †¦ she is extremely patient with my pruning efforts. — ? ? . 9. †¦ but cartoons I do enjoy †¦ — †¦ . 10. shark-infested — . 11. Mum doesn't appreciate how far I get the water up the wall. — , ? . Com prehension Check 1.Why does the child wake up first? 2. What do the brothers do after a warm-up and a chat? 3. What does the child like to wear? 4. Why does the boy enjoy his trip to Daniel's school? 5. Is he fussy about his food? 6. Does the boy find his days boring? 7. How does he spend the afternoons? 8. Whom does he enjoy visiting most? Why? 9. When does the boy go to bed? 10. Is he a TV addict? 11. How does the boy entertain himself at bathtime? 12. What does he do before the light goes out? . Phonetic Text Drills 0 Exercise 1 Transcribe and pronounce correctly the words from the text.Obvious, to creep, stuffed, marrow, raw, recommendable, cereals, peppercorns, loose, cowboy, misshapen, super, propulsion, balance, to compensate, to vary, enthusiasm, gymnastics, banister, unpredictable, frustrating, treat, pruning, insect, addict, cartoon, underpants, appreciate, reluctantly, pyjamas, fierce. 0 Exercise 2 Pronounce the words or phrases where the following clusters occur. 1. plos ive + plosive managed to be, creep downstairs, good place, and cold rice, look too, good game, get dressed, to take Daniel, hard to sit, bedtime, but cartoons, trip down, and put. 2. plosive + w t waking up, quick warm-up, that we added, just when, that we, it works, a rocket with bricks, patient with. 3. plosive + r brother, creep, breakfast, tried, trouble, trousers, trip, brakes, propulsion, unpredictable, try, children, treat, extremely, programme, brave, practise, agree, pretty. 4. plosive + s would stay, it seems, starts, what's, tastes, last say, its time, sit still, must seem, good source, fight some. 0 Exercise 3 Avoid false assimilation in the clusters: 1. z + s he's six, has snapped, has some. 2. voiceless plosive + D that this, at the moment, noticed that, think the shops. . s/z + D miss the beginning, Mum's the other day, as the trip, suppose that. 0 Exercise 4 Practise the pronunciation of predicative structures. It's ‘time to ‘take ‘Daniel to school. || The ,after'noons are ‘unpre'dictable. || The ‘best ‘treat of all, | though, | is ‘visiting Nanny. || My bedtime is ‘fixed at ‘seven hirty | and | to be honest | I'm ‘just a'bout eady for it by ,then. || I'm ‘not a ‘TV addict | but car'toons I ‘do en'joy | and my ‘favourite ‘programme is Tarzan. || EXERCISES Exercise 1 Reproduce the sentences in which the following words and expressions are used. o wake up to vary from day to day to leave around to use the day to the full to get somebody into trouble to do everything with enthusiasm to have the last say in to be a good source of something entertainment to be relaxed the best treat to put somebody in the to be a TV addict right mood oring to strip off to be fussy about something bedtime Exercise 2 Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give your reasons. 1. The child is the last to wake up. 2. In the kitchen the boy tries a lot of things from co ld mar row to raw sausages. 3. The child's mother has the last say in what he's going to wear. 4. The boy likes to wear smart suits. 5. He finds his trip to Daniel's school boring. 6. The boy is fussy about his food. 7.The child's routine is boring and predictable. 8. He likes spending his time in the shops. 9. The child enjoys visiting Nanny. 10. He is a TV addict. 11. The child enjoys swimming in the bath. Exercise 3 I. Give the three forms of the irregular verbs from the text: Creep, put, get, ride, go, give, find, read, think, slide, make, fight. II. Give the past form of the regular verbs: Manage, stay, start, add, enjoy, snap, use, annoy, visit, compensate, vary, suppose, construct, practise, seem, touch, mind, collect, search, fix, watch, strip, appreciate, agree, select.Exercise 4 Fill the gaps in these sentences with the suitable words below. I. frustrating unpredictable loose smart boring relaxed fussy 1. She likes to feel comfortable and relaxed in clothes, that's why she always wears †¦ sweaters and jackets and not †¦ suits. 2. Jane is fed up with this †¦ town — all they have is a bar, a cinema and a Chinese restaurant. 3. There must be nothing more †¦ than having a job you don't like. 4. You can't feel †¦ and enjoy yourself if there are exams coming. 5.Since the time she was ill, she's been †¦ about what she eats. 6. She behaves like the weather in Great Britain; she's so †¦ II. to creep to strip off to vary to select to annoy to leave around 1. There was a large number of beautiful toys and dolls in the shop and it took the girl a lot of time †¦ one. 2. Someone †¦ into the house and stole jewellery. 3. She ran upstairs,†¦ her wet jeans and sweater and pulled on a dressing gown. 4. I don't want to stay in the house with these two screaming kids. They †¦ me. 5. To make kids eat, you should †¦ he menu as much as possible. 6. Please, don't†¦ your toys †¦ . I have to put them away before I can do the cleaning. Exercise 5 Find in the text words and expressions similar in meaning to the italicized ones. 1. Somehow he got involved in a boring conversation about food prices. 2. I always start my day with morning exercises and a cold shower. And, of course, I very much like a cup of hot coffee. 3. Nurses should do all they can to make their patients feel at ease. 4. The child abandoned his favourite toy; a little squirrel in the grass had become better entertainment. . When I go to the countryside I like to observe insects. 6. I always go to bed at half past seven and nothing can change my habit. 7. I spent my holiday in Spain and enjoyed it fully. 8. I can't think of anything more tedious than washing and cooking for the family all day long. 9. I feel that you are doing that unwillingly. 10. My brother is always enthusiastic, no matter what he is doing — playing or working. 11. We moved quietly upstairs so as not to wake the baby. 12. Morning exercis es may be hard work, but they can also be great fun. 3. A meal in a restaurant came as a real pleasure after all the food at the university. 14. You are just saying that to irritate me. 15. In the afternoons Mother takes my sister from school. Exercise 6 Find in the text sentences containing: I. synonyms and synonymous expressions for the following: depressing untidiness to pick somebody up to take off the clothes physical exercises to be different II. words or phrases with the opposite meaning: to get out of bed to get undressed ot much boring to stay out of trouble predictable Exercise 7 Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and expressions. A. ; ? ; ; ; ; ; ( -); ; ; ; ? ; ; ? 7. 30; ; -; ; ; ; ; ; ; . ?. ? ; ; ; ; - ; (? ); ; ? ; ; ; ? ; ; ; ; . Exercise 8 Express the same idea using different wording and grammar. 1. After a quick warm-up and a chat, we creep downstairs to see what's been left around fr om the night before. 2. I suppose the way I spend my day must seem fairly routine to some people, but I like to use it to the full. . Personally, I think the shops are best, especially the ones with toys in. 4. Friends' houses can be a good source of entertainment. 5. I'm not a TV addict but cartoons I do enjoy and my favourite programme is Tarzan. 6. The best treat of all is visiting Nanny. 7. She is extremely patient with my pruning efforts. 8. When Tarzan is on I strip off to my underpants and really get into the part. 9. I then have a trip down a shark-infested river at bathtime or practise swimming in the bath, but my room is rather restricted and mum doesn't appreciate how far I get the water up the wall. 10.Mum has to read a book at bedtime, it gives me a few minutes to have a last play and select my favourite toys before the light goes out. Exercise 9 1. Draw a chart like the one below and arrange the child's activities into two columns. Enjoyable Boring II. After you have f inished the chart, compare it with the rest of the class. Discuss the child's activities using the following words: Interesting, creative, exciting, good fun, dangerous, boring, good exercise, relaxing, crazy, wonderful, enjoyable, terrible. Start your discussion with the following phrases: I think/I don't think he enjoys/likes †¦It must be dangerous/interesting to swim/to play†¦ etc. That sounds/does not sound like much fan/crazy†¦ etc. I'd like to try †¦ myself. He doesn't mind †¦ If I had time, I'd like to †¦ Exercise 10 Speak about your daily activities using the patterns given below. 1. I'm not a TV addict/ardent reader, etc. but cartoons/novels, etc. I do enjoy. 2. I don't like cleaning my teeth/watching newsreels, etc. but I do. 3. I find it hard to sit still long enough/to work in the library, etc. 4. It can be a bit frustrating not being allowed to touch anything/to go to a disco, etc.Exercise 11 Speak about the child's daily routine: 1. in the third person; 2. in the person of his mother; 3. in the person of his brother Daniel. Exercise 12 Discussion points. 1. What can you say about the boy's character? Support your opinion. 2. What do you think of his mother? What is her daily routine like? 3. What takes up most of the boy's day? 4. What activities mentioned by the boy seem to be most entertaining to you? Why? Exercise 13 I. Discuss activities we do as part of our daily/weekly routine. In five minutes write down as many things as you can think of.You should write your routines in full sentences, using adverbs of frequency. Read out your list to the class and delete anything you have written down which someone else has as well. Thus make a list of your special routines, that no one else has. > Pattern: I hove parties every week. II. Express your own feelings about the special routines of your fellow students. Use the expressions of likes and dislikes. > Pattern: — I have parties every week. — Well, to be h onest/No, I'm not too keen on arranging parties every week. Exercise 14 Tell about your daily routine when a child.Compare it with your present daily routine. Think about the following points: studies, everyday activities, leisure activities, food/clothes, likes/dislikes. Use the following phrases: When a child, I used to †¦ , but now I †¦ I never used to †¦ I spent most of my time †¦ , but now I †¦ I was/am keen on †¦ I was/am a †¦ addict. I couldn't/can't live without †¦ The best treat of all was/is †¦ I found †¦ enjoyable, but now I find †¦ boring/interesting. I've decided to give up †¦ But I'm not going to give up †¦ Exercise 15 I.Read the following text and get ready to answer the questions. John Naylor, 24, is a successful businessman. Let's follow him through a typical day. The alarm clock goes off at 7:00 a. m. John jolts out of bed at the same time. The automatic coffee maker kicks on in the kitchen. He jumps in the shower, shaves, opens one of the half-dozen boxes of freshly laundered white shirts waiting on the shelf, finishes dressing, and pours a cup of coffee. He sits down to a piece of whole wheat toast while he nips through the Fleet Street Journal. It takes him about 15 minutes to wake up and get ready.His briefcase in one hand and gym bag in the other, he hops in the car, ready to start the day. He clocks in at exactly 7:45 a. m. He takes a seat in front of the computer and prepares for hours of phone calls and meetings that occupy his mornings. At noon John rashes to the health club where he strips off the grey suit and changes into his T-shirt, shorts and the latest in design running shoes for tennis. In an hour he is sitting in the club dining room where he has scheduled lunch with a potential client. They discuss business over sparkling water, pasta and a cup of coffee.At 2:30 p. m. he is back at his office, eager for several more hours of frantic meetings and phone calls. A t 6:00 p. m. John phones out for delivery of dinner to keep him going through the next two to three hours he'll spend at his office. John gets home at 10:00 p. m. just in time to sit down to a bowl of frozen yoghurt and a reran of this season's most popular drama series before turning in. II. Make brief notes of John's daily routine. Use these times as a guide. 7:00 7:45 2:30 10:00 7:15 12:00 6:00 – 9:00 1:00 III.Answer the following questions: 1. What takes up most of his time? 2. What things do you dislike about his daily routine? 3. Is his daily routine always the same? 4. Is his daily routine very different from yours? How? 5. What do you think about his social life? What daily routine may his girlfriend have? 6. Is he happy? Why? 7. What problems may arise if John gets married and starts a family? Will children fit into this hectic schedule? IV. Work in groups of two. Student A: You are going to interview John. Ask him questions about his daily routine, and ask anything else you like. (E. g.How he feels about his life, what he likes about his work, his future plans). Student B: You are John. Answer the interviewer's questions about your daily routine. When you are asked about other things, invent suitable answers. Exercise 16 Pair work: Talk about your busiest day. Ask the following and more: 1. What's your busiest day? 2. What do you usually do? 3. What time do you get up? 4. Where do you usually have breakfast, lunch? 5. What do you usually do after classes? 6. What time do you usually go home? 7. What do you do at the end of the day? 8. What do you do in your spare time? . What time do you usually go to bed? 10. What activities do you enjoy? Which do you dislike? Exercise 17 Imagine you can do what you like and work where you want. Plan your daily routine. When you are ready tell the class. Exercise 18 I. Carry out a survey titled â€Å"How to Organise Your Day†. Ask your fellow students: 1. how much time they spend: working, sleeping, wa shing and getting dressed, eating and drinking, shopping, travelling, doing housework, studying, reading, watching TV or listening to the radio, performing other leisure activities, doing nothing; 2. hich activities they enjoy doing and how long they spend on them; 3. which activities they do not enjoy doing and how long they spend on them; 4. if there is something they don't have time to do or would like to spend more time doing; 5. if there is some way they could organise their time differently and how. II. Make notes and analyse the results of the investigation. Write a short report giving the results of your survey. Use words and expressions like these: None of†¦ A great many of†¦ Hardly any of†¦ Some of†¦ Very few of†¦ A large number of. Not many of†¦A lot of†¦ The majority of†¦ III. Use the following phrases for summarising or generalising: on the whole, †¦ at first glance, †¦ apparently, †¦ it seems/appears that †¦ g enerally, †¦ IV. When you have finished your report, show it to the other students in the class and discuss. Exercise 19 Retell the following text in English. , ?, . , ? . ? . ? , ? . : ? , , . , , ? ? ? , , . ? , , — , , ? , ? , ? ? , . ? , , ? — . . ? , ? . ? , , ? , ? . ? , . - , ? , ? - , ? . , , ? - , ? ? . , , , , ? ? . , ? , ? , , ? ? , , . ? ? . ? , ? ! †¦ ? , †¦ ? , , ? , . , — ? ? . ? , — ? ? . , — ? ? . , ? . ? ? , ? , , ? . ? — , ? - , , . ? ? , ? ? , ? , -. ? . , ? ? . ? ? , ? ? . ? ? . . — - .  «  » — . —  «  » :  «- ? ?  ». ? , , ? ? . (?. .  « ? ?  » ) Exercise 20 I. Read the list of English idioms and find their Russian equivalents in the econd list. A. To be back on track; a whole good hour; from time to time; year in, year out; on the run; in the dead of night; day in, day out; to play the fool; to twiddle one's thumbs. B. ; ; ? ; ? ; ; ; ; ? ; . II. Use the English idioms in sentences of your own speaking about your daily routine. Exercise 21 I. Match the two halves of each proverb correctly. Translate them into Russian or give their Russian equivalents.An early bird catches Jack a dull boy Time is two things at once Never put off till tomorrow a virtue Time and tide a worm Better late money Everyday is not what you can do today No man can do wait for no man All work and no play makes Sunday Punctuality is than never II. Make up a story to illustrate one of these proverbs. Exercise 22 Translate the quotations and comment upon them. ‘A day is a miniature eternity. ‘ Ralph Emerson ‘Write it on your heart that every day is the best day in the year. ‘ Ralph Emerson ‘Three o'clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do. ‘ Jean-Paul Sartre ‘The day is for honest men, the night for thieves. ‘Euripides ‘Every day, in every way, I am getting better and better. ‘ Emile Coue Exercise 23 Role-play â€Å"Making a TV Programme†. Setting: The streets of a big modern city. Situation: A television crew is making a programme about different lifestyles. The journalists stop people in the street and interview them. They ask questions about their daily routine. They try to find out what time they get up, whether they get enough sleep, what they have for breakfast/dinner/supper, whether they are fussy about food, how they get to work, whether they are late for work, what time they come back home, who does the cooking/cleaning/shopping/washing, etc. whether they are more awake in the morning or in the evening, what time the y go to bed, what they do to keep fit, what they do to relax, whether they have any kind of social life, what puts them in a good mood, whether their daily routine is always the same. Characters: Card I—II — Christian and Christine, the journalists. Card III—IV — Daniel and Diana, an actor and an actress. Famous and well-known. Card V — Sheppard, a university student. Not very diligent. Card VI — Shirley, a model. Willing to make a career. Card VII — Patricia, a school teacher. Very responsible. Card VIII — Felicia, a housewife. Has a large family. Card IX — Raymond, a businessman. Very busy and very rich. Card X — Letitia, a waitress in a restaurant. Young and carefree. Card XI — Simon, a professional driver.Works hard and long hours. WRITING Exercise 1 Learn the spelling of the words in bold type from Introductory Reading and exercise 1 on page 68 and be ready to write a dictation. Exercise 2 Write a shor t description of a) your busiest day; b) your day off; c) your favourite day in the form of diary notes. Follow the pattern: Exercise 3 Write a composition or an essay on one of the following topics. 1. The Day Everything Went Wrong. 2. How I Organise My Time. 3. The Day Before You Came. (ABBA) 4. ‘Never put off till tomorrow, what you can do the day after tomorrow. ‘ (O. Wilde) 5. The Day of a Person Is a Picture of This Person. Note: Punctuation.In writing it is very important to observe correct punctuation marks. A full stop is put: 1) at the end of sentences; 2) in decimals (e. g. 3. 5 — three point five). A comma separates: 1) homogeneous parts of the sentence if there are more than three members (e. g. I saw a house, a garden, and a car); 2) parentheses (e. g. The story, to put it mildly, is not nice); 3) Nominative Absolute Constructions (e. g. The play over, the audience left the hall); 4) appositions (e. g. Byron, one of the greatest English poets, was bo rn in 1788); 5) interjections (e. g. Oh, you are right! ); 6) coordinate clauses joined by and, but, or, nor, for, while, whereas, etc. (e. g.The speaker was disappointed, but the audience was pleased); 7) attributive clauses in complex sentences if they are commenting (e. g. The Thames, which runs through London, is quite slow. Compare with a defining clause where no comma is needed — The river that/which runs through London is quite slow); 8) adverbial clauses introduced by if, when, because, though, etc. (e. g. If it is true, we are having good luck); 9) inverted clauses (e. g. Hardly had she entered, they fired questions at her); 10) in whole numbers (e. g. 25,500 — twenty five thousand five hundred). Object clauses are not separated by commas (e. g. He asked what he should do). To be continued on page 140. Daily Routine Daily Routine TEXT One Day of Peter's life (Story by Peter and Heidi Elliott) I usually manage to be first at waking up — my brother Daniel (he's six) would stay in bed until seven o'clock. Mum can't understand it but it seems obvious to me that this is when the day starts, so why miss the beginning? After a quick warm-up and a chat we creep downstairs to see what's been left around from the night before, although Mum is wise to this and has usually put away anything really interesting.The refrigerator is always a fairly good place to start, and cold rice pudding tastes much better for breakfast than it does for pudding. 1 In fact I've tried most things at this hour, from cold stuffed marrow to raw sausages; some of it isn't recommendable and some of it can get you into a lot of trouble. Anyway, I can always make my own breakfast of cereals with plenty of sugar and not much milk. We made Mum's2 the other day but she didn't like the chopped peppercorns and Oxos3 that we added t o it. Mind you, it didn't look too good.Well, just when we get into a good game, Mum comes down and says that we have to put all the furniture back and get dressed. I always have the last say in what I'm going to wear, which is always jeans and a tee-shirt. I'm just not relaxed if I'm wearing smart trousers. I like a loose jacket and a hat; my old cowboy hat is a bit misshapen but I do not mind that, it seems to put me in the right mood for the day. It's time to take Daniel to school. I really enjoy this trip at the moment because I've got a super little bike which I ride there and back.Well, I don't exactly ride it because both pedals have fallen off and the chain has snapped, so now it's more like a hobby-bike. I use my feet for brakes and propulsion. 4 It works very well and my balance is now so good that I can ride my brother's big bike if someone helps me to get on and off. When we get to Daniel's school I have a race around the playground and annoy a few of Dan's friends befor e the whistle goes, and then, as the trip home is up-hill and rather boring. Mum usually has to give me a push.I generally play then, or visit a friend down the lane whose brother has some super toys, which compensates for the fact that she's a girl. 5 Lunch can vary from day to day because I'm quite fussy about my food. I find it hard to sit still long enough to eat a whole dinner, so sometimes Mum reads a book to me which makes it much more enjoyable, and if the story is very good, I've even been known to eat things that I didn't think I liked. I suppose that the way I spend my day must seem fairly routine to some people, but I like to use it to the full no matter what I'm doing.I do everything with enthusiasm — whether constructing a rocket with bricks or practising gymnastics on the bed or just sliding down the banisters, and I've noticed that people who are older than me don't seem to have half as much fun, so I say that I'm going to enjoy myself for as long as possible. The afternoons are unpredictable. On a fine day I may go swimming or visit a park or the shops. Personally, I think the shops are best, especially the ones with toys in. My mother just doesn't seem to understand that I need them all, anyway I have a good try with as many as I can before getting into trouble with the assistant.Then I move on to the sweets, which I generally get one of. Friends' houses can be a good source of entertainment, although if they haven't got any children it can be a bit frustrating not being allowed to touch anything. Luckily most of mother's friends have got children. The best treat of all, though, is visiting Nanny. 6 She's got much more time to spend on you than parents have and I do all sorts of things there. I have made some very tasty cakes in Nanny's kitchen and she doesn't mind how much mess goes on the floor. 7 I also enjoy gardening with her. She is extremely patient with my pruning efforts. So my afternoons vary until we collect my brother from school at 3. 30. He's not so much fun in the afternoons, but I do a bit of insect searching on the way home and collect any interesting sticks and stones that I think I could use in our small garden. My bedtime is fixed at 7. 30 and to be honest I'm just about ready for it by then. After doing my duty — by eating some tea — I play for a while or watch television. I'm not a TV addict but cartoons I do enjoy9 and my favorite programme is Tarzan. When this is on I strip off to my underpants and really get into the part. I'm fantastically brave. ) I then have a trip down a shark-infested river10 at bath time or practice swimming in the bath, but my room is rather restricted and Mum doesn't appreciate how far I get the water up the wall. 11 So, when the water has got fairly cold, I reluctantly agree to get out and put my pyjamas on. I don't like cleaning my teeth but I do. Mum has to read a book at bedtime: it gives me a few minutes to have a last play and select my favouri te toys before the light goes out. After all, even in my dreams I've had to fight some pretty fierce tigers. Proper NamesDaniel [‘d{[email  protected]] — Tarzan [‘t? z{n] — Vocabulary Notes 1. †¦ than it does for pudding — †¦ . 2. †¦ we made Mum's the other day — . 3. Oxos —  «Ã‚ » (. : ) 4. I use my feet for brakes and propulsion. — ? ? . 5. †¦ visit a friend down the lane whose brother has some super toys, which compensates for the fact that she's a girl. — †¦ ? , ; ? , ? ? , — . . Nanny — : (. : ?  «Ã‚ »). 7. She doesn't mind how much mess goes on the floor. — , . 8. †¦ she is extremely patient with my pruning efforts. — ? ? . 9. †¦ but cartoons I do enjoy †¦ — †¦ . 10. shark-infested — . 11. Mum doesn't appreciate how far I get the water up the wall. — , ? . Com prehension Check 1.Why does the child wake up first? 2. What do the brothers do after a warm-up and a chat? 3. What does the child like to wear? 4. Why does the boy enjoy his trip to Daniel's school? 5. Is he fussy about his food? 6. Does the boy find his days boring? 7. How does he spend the afternoons? 8. Whom does he enjoy visiting most? Why? 9. When does the boy go to bed? 10. Is he a TV addict? 11. How does the boy entertain himself at bathtime? 12. What does he do before the light goes out? . Phonetic Text Drills 0 Exercise 1 Transcribe and pronounce correctly the words from the text.Obvious, to creep, stuffed, marrow, raw, recommendable, cereals, peppercorns, loose, cowboy, misshapen, super, propulsion, balance, to compensate, to vary, enthusiasm, gymnastics, banister, unpredictable, frustrating, treat, pruning, insect, addict, cartoon, underpants, appreciate, reluctantly, pyjamas, fierce. 0 Exercise 2 Pronounce the words or phrases where the following clusters occur. 1. plos ive + plosive managed to be, creep downstairs, good place, and cold rice, look too, good game, get dressed, to take Daniel, hard to sit, bedtime, but cartoons, trip down, and put. 2. plosive + w t waking up, quick warm-up, that we added, just when, that we, it works, a rocket with bricks, patient with. 3. plosive + r brother, creep, breakfast, tried, trouble, trousers, trip, brakes, propulsion, unpredictable, try, children, treat, extremely, programme, brave, practise, agree, pretty. 4. plosive + s would stay, it seems, starts, what's, tastes, last say, its time, sit still, must seem, good source, fight some. 0 Exercise 3 Avoid false assimilation in the clusters: 1. z + s he's six, has snapped, has some. 2. voiceless plosive + D that this, at the moment, noticed that, think the shops. . s/z + D miss the beginning, Mum's the other day, as the trip, suppose that. 0 Exercise 4 Practise the pronunciation of predicative structures. It's ‘time to ‘take ‘Daniel to school. || The ,after'noons are ‘unpre'dictable. || The ‘best ‘treat of all, | though, | is ‘visiting Nanny. || My bedtime is ‘fixed at ‘seven hirty | and | to be honest | I'm ‘just a'bout eady for it by ,then. || I'm ‘not a ‘TV addict | but car'toons I ‘do en'joy | and my ‘favourite ‘programme is Tarzan. || EXERCISES Exercise 1 Reproduce the sentences in which the following words and expressions are used. o wake up to vary from day to day to leave around to use the day to the full to get somebody into trouble to do everything with enthusiasm to have the last say in to be a good source of something entertainment to be relaxed the best treat to put somebody in the to be a TV addict right mood oring to strip off to be fussy about something bedtime Exercise 2 Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give your reasons. 1. The child is the last to wake up. 2. In the kitchen the boy tries a lot of things from co ld mar row to raw sausages. 3. The child's mother has the last say in what he's going to wear. 4. The boy likes to wear smart suits. 5. He finds his trip to Daniel's school boring. 6. The boy is fussy about his food. 7.The child's routine is boring and predictable. 8. He likes spending his time in the shops. 9. The child enjoys visiting Nanny. 10. He is a TV addict. 11. The child enjoys swimming in the bath. Exercise 3 I. Give the three forms of the irregular verbs from the text: Creep, put, get, ride, go, give, find, read, think, slide, make, fight. II. Give the past form of the regular verbs: Manage, stay, start, add, enjoy, snap, use, annoy, visit, compensate, vary, suppose, construct, practise, seem, touch, mind, collect, search, fix, watch, strip, appreciate, agree, select.Exercise 4 Fill the gaps in these sentences with the suitable words below. I. frustrating unpredictable loose smart boring relaxed fussy 1. She likes to feel comfortable and relaxed in clothes, that's why she always wears †¦ sweaters and jackets and not †¦ suits. 2. Jane is fed up with this †¦ town — all they have is a bar, a cinema and a Chinese restaurant. 3. There must be nothing more †¦ than having a job you don't like. 4. You can't feel †¦ and enjoy yourself if there are exams coming. 5.Since the time she was ill, she's been †¦ about what she eats. 6. She behaves like the weather in Great Britain; she's so †¦ II. to creep to strip off to vary to select to annoy to leave around 1. There was a large number of beautiful toys and dolls in the shop and it took the girl a lot of time †¦ one. 2. Someone †¦ into the house and stole jewellery. 3. She ran upstairs,†¦ her wet jeans and sweater and pulled on a dressing gown. 4. I don't want to stay in the house with these two screaming kids. They †¦ me. 5. To make kids eat, you should †¦ he menu as much as possible. 6. Please, don't†¦ your toys †¦ . I have to put them away before I can do the cleaning. Exercise 5 Find in the text words and expressions similar in meaning to the italicized ones. 1. Somehow he got involved in a boring conversation about food prices. 2. I always start my day with morning exercises and a cold shower. And, of course, I very much like a cup of hot coffee. 3. Nurses should do all they can to make their patients feel at ease. 4. The child abandoned his favourite toy; a little squirrel in the grass had become better entertainment. . When I go to the countryside I like to observe insects. 6. I always go to bed at half past seven and nothing can change my habit. 7. I spent my holiday in Spain and enjoyed it fully. 8. I can't think of anything more tedious than washing and cooking for the family all day long. 9. I feel that you are doing that unwillingly. 10. My brother is always enthusiastic, no matter what he is doing — playing or working. 11. We moved quietly upstairs so as not to wake the baby. 12. Morning exercis es may be hard work, but they can also be great fun. 3. A meal in a restaurant came as a real pleasure after all the food at the university. 14. You are just saying that to irritate me. 15. In the afternoons Mother takes my sister from school. Exercise 6 Find in the text sentences containing: I. synonyms and synonymous expressions for the following: depressing untidiness to pick somebody up to take off the clothes physical exercises to be different II. words or phrases with the opposite meaning: to get out of bed to get undressed ot much boring to stay out of trouble predictable Exercise 7 Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and expressions. A. ; ? ; ; ; ; ; ( -); ; ; ; ? ; ; ? 7. 30; ; -; ; ; ; ; ; ; . ?. ? ; ; ; ; - ; (? ); ; ? ; ; ; ? ; ; ; ; . Exercise 8 Express the same idea using different wording and grammar. 1. After a quick warm-up and a chat, we creep downstairs to see what's been left around fr om the night before. 2. I suppose the way I spend my day must seem fairly routine to some people, but I like to use it to the full. . Personally, I think the shops are best, especially the ones with toys in. 4. Friends' houses can be a good source of entertainment. 5. I'm not a TV addict but cartoons I do enjoy and my favourite programme is Tarzan. 6. The best treat of all is visiting Nanny. 7. She is extremely patient with my pruning efforts. 8. When Tarzan is on I strip off to my underpants and really get into the part. 9. I then have a trip down a shark-infested river at bathtime or practise swimming in the bath, but my room is rather restricted and mum doesn't appreciate how far I get the water up the wall. 10.Mum has to read a book at bedtime, it gives me a few minutes to have a last play and select my favourite toys before the light goes out. Exercise 9 1. Draw a chart like the one below and arrange the child's activities into two columns. Enjoyable Boring II. After you have f inished the chart, compare it with the rest of the class. Discuss the child's activities using the following words: Interesting, creative, exciting, good fun, dangerous, boring, good exercise, relaxing, crazy, wonderful, enjoyable, terrible. Start your discussion with the following phrases: I think/I don't think he enjoys/likes †¦It must be dangerous/interesting to swim/to play†¦ etc. That sounds/does not sound like much fan/crazy†¦ etc. I'd like to try †¦ myself. He doesn't mind †¦ If I had time, I'd like to †¦ Exercise 10 Speak about your daily activities using the patterns given below. 1. I'm not a TV addict/ardent reader, etc. but cartoons/novels, etc. I do enjoy. 2. I don't like cleaning my teeth/watching newsreels, etc. but I do. 3. I find it hard to sit still long enough/to work in the library, etc. 4. It can be a bit frustrating not being allowed to touch anything/to go to a disco, etc.Exercise 11 Speak about the child's daily routine: 1. in the third person; 2. in the person of his mother; 3. in the person of his brother Daniel. Exercise 12 Discussion points. 1. What can you say about the boy's character? Support your opinion. 2. What do you think of his mother? What is her daily routine like? 3. What takes up most of the boy's day? 4. What activities mentioned by the boy seem to be most entertaining to you? Why? Exercise 13 I. Discuss activities we do as part of our daily/weekly routine. In five minutes write down as many things as you can think of.You should write your routines in full sentences, using adverbs of frequency. Read out your list to the class and delete anything you have written down which someone else has as well. Thus make a list of your special routines, that no one else has. > Pattern: I hove parties every week. II. Express your own feelings about the special routines of your fellow students. Use the expressions of likes and dislikes. > Pattern: — I have parties every week. — Well, to be h onest/No, I'm not too keen on arranging parties every week. Exercise 14 Tell about your daily routine when a child.Compare it with your present daily routine. Think about the following points: studies, everyday activities, leisure activities, food/clothes, likes/dislikes. Use the following phrases: When a child, I used to †¦ , but now I †¦ I never used to †¦ I spent most of my time †¦ , but now I †¦ I was/am keen on †¦ I was/am a †¦ addict. I couldn't/can't live without †¦ The best treat of all was/is †¦ I found †¦ enjoyable, but now I find †¦ boring/interesting. I've decided to give up †¦ But I'm not going to give up †¦ Exercise 15 I.Read the following text and get ready to answer the questions. John Naylor, 24, is a successful businessman. Let's follow him through a typical day. The alarm clock goes off at 7:00 a. m. John jolts out of bed at the same time. The automatic coffee maker kicks on in the kitchen. He jumps in the shower, shaves, opens one of the half-dozen boxes of freshly laundered white shirts waiting on the shelf, finishes dressing, and pours a cup of coffee. He sits down to a piece of whole wheat toast while he nips through the Fleet Street Journal. It takes him about 15 minutes to wake up and get ready.His briefcase in one hand and gym bag in the other, he hops in the car, ready to start the day. He clocks in at exactly 7:45 a. m. He takes a seat in front of the computer and prepares for hours of phone calls and meetings that occupy his mornings. At noon John rashes to the health club where he strips off the grey suit and changes into his T-shirt, shorts and the latest in design running shoes for tennis. In an hour he is sitting in the club dining room where he has scheduled lunch with a potential client. They discuss business over sparkling water, pasta and a cup of coffee.At 2:30 p. m. he is back at his office, eager for several more hours of frantic meetings and phone calls. A t 6:00 p. m. John phones out for delivery of dinner to keep him going through the next two to three hours he'll spend at his office. John gets home at 10:00 p. m. just in time to sit down to a bowl of frozen yoghurt and a reran of this season's most popular drama series before turning in. II. Make brief notes of John's daily routine. Use these times as a guide. 7:00 7:45 2:30 10:00 7:15 12:00 6:00 – 9:00 1:00 III.Answer the following questions: 1. What takes up most of his time? 2. What things do you dislike about his daily routine? 3. Is his daily routine always the same? 4. Is his daily routine very different from yours? How? 5. What do you think about his social life? What daily routine may his girlfriend have? 6. Is he happy? Why? 7. What problems may arise if John gets married and starts a family? Will children fit into this hectic schedule? IV. Work in groups of two. Student A: You are going to interview John. Ask him questions about his daily routine, and ask anything else you like. (E. g.How he feels about his life, what he likes about his work, his future plans). Student B: You are John. Answer the interviewer's questions about your daily routine. When you are asked about other things, invent suitable answers. Exercise 16 Pair work: Talk about your busiest day. Ask the following and more: 1. What's your busiest day? 2. What do you usually do? 3. What time do you get up? 4. Where do you usually have breakfast, lunch? 5. What do you usually do after classes? 6. What time do you usually go home? 7. What do you do at the end of the day? 8. What do you do in your spare time? . What time do you usually go to bed? 10. What activities do you enjoy? Which do you dislike? Exercise 17 Imagine you can do what you like and work where you want. Plan your daily routine. When you are ready tell the class. Exercise 18 I. Carry out a survey titled â€Å"How to Organise Your Day†. Ask your fellow students: 1. how much time they spend: working, sleeping, wa shing and getting dressed, eating and drinking, shopping, travelling, doing housework, studying, reading, watching TV or listening to the radio, performing other leisure activities, doing nothing; 2. hich activities they enjoy doing and how long they spend on them; 3. which activities they do not enjoy doing and how long they spend on them; 4. if there is something they don't have time to do or would like to spend more time doing; 5. if there is some way they could organise their time differently and how. II. Make notes and analyse the results of the investigation. Write a short report giving the results of your survey. Use words and expressions like these: None of†¦ A great many of†¦ Hardly any of†¦ Some of†¦ Very few of†¦ A large number of. Not many of†¦A lot of†¦ The majority of†¦ III. Use the following phrases for summarising or generalising: on the whole, †¦ at first glance, †¦ apparently, †¦ it seems/appears that †¦ g enerally, †¦ IV. When you have finished your report, show it to the other students in the class and discuss. Exercise 19 Retell the following text in English. , ?, . , ? . ? . ? , ? . : ? , , . , , ? ? ? , , . ? , , — , , ? , ? , ? ? , . ? , , ? — . . ? , ? . ? , , ? , ? . ? , . - , ? , ? - , ? . , , ? - , ? ? . , , , , ? ? . , ? , ? , , ? ? , , . ? ? . ? , ? ! †¦ ? , †¦ ? , , ? , . , — ? ? . ? , — ? ? . , — ? ? . , ? . ? ? , ? , , ? . ? — , ? - , , . ? ? , ? ? , ? , -. ? . , ? ? . ? ? , ? ? . ? ? . . — - .  «  » — . —  «  » :  «- ? ?  ». ? , , ? ? . (?. .  « ? ?  » ) Exercise 20 I. Read the list of English idioms and find their Russian equivalents in the econd list. A. To be back on track; a whole good hour; from time to time; year in, year out; on the run; in the dead of night; day in, day out; to play the fool; to twiddle one's thumbs. B. ; ; ? ; ? ; ; ; ; ? ; . II. Use the English idioms in sentences of your own speaking about your daily routine. Exercise 21 I. Match the two halves of each proverb correctly. Translate them into Russian or give their Russian equivalents.An early bird catches Jack a dull boy Time is two things at once Never put off till tomorrow a virtue Time and tide a worm Better late money Everyday is not what you can do today No man can do wait for no man All work and no play makes Sunday Punctuality is than never II. Make up a story to illustrate one of these proverbs. Exercise 22 Translate the quotations and comment upon them. ‘A day is a miniature eternity. ‘ Ralph Emerson ‘Write it on your heart that every day is the best day in the year. ‘ Ralph Emerson ‘Three o'clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do. ‘ Jean-Paul Sartre ‘The day is for honest men, the night for thieves. ‘Euripides ‘Every day, in every way, I am getting better and better. ‘ Emile Coue Exercise 23 Role-play â€Å"Making a TV Programme†. Setting: The streets of a big modern city. Situation: A television crew is making a programme about different lifestyles. The journalists stop people in the street and interview them. They ask questions about their daily routine. They try to find out what time they get up, whether they get enough sleep, what they have for breakfast/dinner/supper, whether they are fussy about food, how they get to work, whether they are late for work, what time they come back home, who does the cooking/cleaning/shopping/washing, etc. whether they are more awake in the morning or in the evening, what time the y go to bed, what they do to keep fit, what they do to relax, whether they have any kind of social life, what puts them in a good mood, whether their daily routine is always the same. Characters: Card I—II — Christian and Christine, the journalists. Card III—IV — Daniel and Diana, an actor and an actress. Famous and well-known. Card V — Sheppard, a university student. Not very diligent. Card VI — Shirley, a model. Willing to make a career. Card VII — Patricia, a school teacher. Very responsible. Card VIII — Felicia, a housewife. Has a large family. Card IX — Raymond, a businessman. Very busy and very rich. Card X — Letitia, a waitress in a restaurant. Young and carefree. Card XI — Simon, a professional driver.Works hard and long hours. WRITING Exercise 1 Learn the spelling of the words in bold type from Introductory Reading and exercise 1 on page 68 and be ready to write a dictation. Exercise 2 Write a shor t description of a) your busiest day; b) your day off; c) your favourite day in the form of diary notes. Follow the pattern: Exercise 3 Write a composition or an essay on one of the following topics. 1. The Day Everything Went Wrong. 2. How I Organise My Time. 3. The Day Before You Came. (ABBA) 4. ‘Never put off till tomorrow, what you can do the day after tomorrow. ‘ (O. Wilde) 5. The Day of a Person Is a Picture of This Person. Note: Punctuation.In writing it is very important to observe correct punctuation marks. A full stop is put: 1) at the end of sentences; 2) in decimals (e. g. 3. 5 — three point five). A comma separates: 1) homogeneous parts of the sentence if there are more than three members (e. g. I saw a house, a garden, and a car); 2) parentheses (e. g. The story, to put it mildly, is not nice); 3) Nominative Absolute Constructions (e. g. The play over, the audience left the hall); 4) appositions (e. g. Byron, one of the greatest English poets, was bo rn in 1788); 5) interjections (e. g. Oh, you are right! ); 6) coordinate clauses joined by and, but, or, nor, for, while, whereas, etc. (e. g.The speaker was disappointed, but the audience was pleased); 7) attributive clauses in complex sentences if they are commenting (e. g. The Thames, which runs through London, is quite slow. Compare with a defining clause where no comma is needed — The river that/which runs through London is quite slow); 8) adverbial clauses introduced by if, when, because, though, etc. (e. g. If it is true, we are having good luck); 9) inverted clauses (e. g. Hardly had she entered, they fired questions at her); 10) in whole numbers (e. g. 25,500 — twenty five thousand five hundred). Object clauses are not separated by commas (e. g. He asked what he should do). To be continued on page 140.